Lecture 13 Flashcards
Where is the heart located?
Located in mediastinum between the lungs, just superior to the diaphragm.
What is the pericardium?
Serous membrane that surrounds and protects the heart.
Describe the structure of a serous membrane?
The serous membrane has two layers, Outer Parietal layer-Dense irregular connective tissue. Inner visceral layer-Adheres to heart, epithelial cells that secrete pericardial fluid into pericardial cavity (space between layers of pericardium)
What does pericardial fluid reduce?
Friction between the layers of the paricardium
What are the 3 layers of the heart?
Endocardium, Myocardium, Epicardium
The endothelium is a part of which layer of the heart?
Endocardium, continuous with the endothelium of vessels that open into the heart chambers. (Lines entire cardiovascular system)
The visceral pericardium makes up which layer?
Epicardium
What type of tissue is the myocardium?
Cardiac muscle tissue
What valves have chordae tendinae and papillary muscle associated with them.
The Atrioventricular valves (Tricuspid and Bicuspid)
What is the coronary sinus?
The coronary sinus is a collection of veins joined together to form a large vessel that collects blood from the heart muscle (myocardium). It delivers deoxygenated blood to the right atrium.
Through which vessels does blood enter the right atrium?
Superior vena cava
Inferior vena cava
Coronary sinus
Through which vessels does blood enter the left atrium?
Pulmonary veins (oxygenated)
Is blood leaving the left ventricle oxygenated or deoxygenated?
Oxygenated
Is blood leaving the right ventricle oxygenated or deoxygenated?
Deoxygenated
Is blood entering the right atrium oxygenated or deoxygenated?
Deoxygenated
What is meant by the term “systemic circulation”?
Systemic circulation is the part of the cardiovascular system which carries oxygenated blood away from the heart to the body, and returns deoxygenated blood back to the heart.
What vessel does the right and left coronary arteries branch off of?
Ascending aorta
What area(s) of the body does the brachiocephalic trunk, left common carotid artery, and left subclavian artery supply blood to?
Brachiocephalic trunk - [R Subclavian] R arm. [R Common Carotid artery] Neck and head.
Left common carotid artery - Neck and head
Left Subclavian - Left arm
What area(s) of the body do the R and L common iliac arteries supply blood to?
Pelvis and lower limbs
Where is the Sinoatrial (SA)Node located?
Right Atrium
Where is the Atrioventricular (AV) Node located?
Right Atrium
Where is the Bundle of His (AV bundle) located?
Interventricular Septum. Between ventricles before splitting to right and left bundle branches.
What and where are the right and left bundle branches?
The bundle branches (left and right) are the first division in the ventricular conduction system after the Bundle of His.
The base of the heart refers to which area of the heart?
Top of the cone, Top, broad area of the heart.
The apex of the heart refers to which area of the heart?
Bottom of the cone; bottom, pointy area of the heart.
What is the function of the atrioventricular and semilunar valves?
Functions to prevent back flow.
What are the parts of the aorta?
Ascending aorta, Arch of aorta Descending aorta Thoracic aorta Abdominal aorta
Which artery does the Anterior interventricular branch and circumflex branch descend from?
Left coronary artery
Which artery does the Posterior interventricular branch and marginal branch descend from?
Right coronary artery
T or F? The thoracic aorta divides into the left and right common iliac.
False, the abdominal aorta
T or F? Circulation; Right atrium to right ventricle to pulmonary circulation to left atrium to left ventricle to systemic circulation back to Right atrium.
True
T or F? Circulation: Veins to venules to capillaries to arterioles to arteries
False it is Arteries to arterioles to capillaries to venules to veins
Which veins carry oxygenated blood?
- coronary sinus
- supperior vera cava
- interior vera cava
- pulmonary vein
- veins do not carry oxygenated blood
answer: 4
coronary sinus: blood carrying from left ventricle to arota and back to right ventricle by this
superior vera cava: all blood above the heart and go back to right atrium
interior vrera cava: go back to right ventricle.
Where is the mitral valve?
- b/w right atrium and ventricle
- b/w right ventricle and plumonary trunk
- b/w left atrium and ventricle
- b/w left ventricle and arota
answer: 3
1–> tricuspid valve
2–> pulmonary valve
4–> aorta valve
