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BSI 2 > EXAM 2 Clicker Questions > Flashcards

EXAM 2 Clicker Questions Flashcards

1
Q

which veins carry oxygenated blood?

a. cornory sinus
b. superior vena cava
c. interior vena cava
d. pulmonary veins
e. veins do not carry oxygenated blood

A

d. pulmonary veins

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2
Q

where is the mitral valve?

a. b/w right atrium and ventricle
b. b/w right ventricle and pulmonary trunk
c. b/w left atrium and ventricle
d. b/w left ventricle and aorta

A

c. b/w left atrium and ventricle

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3
Q

If you occulde the right common mac artery, blood flow will be diminshed to what area of the body?

a. heart
b. right side of brain
c. right arm
d. right leg

A

d. right leg

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4
Q

the functionof papilary muscle is to pull open the associated valve. True or False

A

False;

the purpose to prevent back flow to atrium

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5
Q

the mitral valve opens due to contraction, and conrespond pressure rise of atrium. True or False

A

False; atrial contraction right before filling mitral valve open. its already open (valves already open)

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6
Q

How would aortic stenosis affect afterload?

a. increase it
b. decrease it
c. not affected it

A

a. increase it

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7
Q

what effect does increase afterload have on SV?

a. increase it
b. decrease it
c. not affected it

A

b. decrease it

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8
Q

How will an increase in afterload affect ESV?

a. increase it
b. decrease it
c. not affected it

A

a. increase it

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9
Q

In order to increase contractility, does there have to be an increase EDV?
Yes or NO

A

NO

By increasing preload- stretch EDV
Increase contractility

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10
Q

what type of vessel gas exchange?

a. atteries
b. aterioles
c. capillary
d. venules.
e. veins

A

c. capillary

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11
Q

which vessels are more compliants?

  1. arteries
  2. veins
A
  1. veins
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12
Q

which vessel is the least compliant?

  1. infuse 200ml of blood pressure rose 2mmhg
  2. 200ml of blood 30mmhg pressure rose
  3. infuse 100ml of blood pressure 30 mmhg
A
  1. infuse 100ml of blood pressure 30 mmhg

most compliant-
1. infuse 200ml of blood pressure rose 2mmhg

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13
Q

TPR is primary determined by:

a. resistance of all vessles in the body
b. arterial vascular resistance
c. venous vascular resistance

A

b. arterial vascular resistance

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14
Q

a decrease in venous tone wil increase venous return

true or false

A

false

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15
Q

at the start of exercise, venous return increases by the following mechanisms?

  1. an increase in respitory pump
  2. an increase in venous pump
  3. an increase in venous tone
  4. an increase in blood volume
  5. all of the above
  6. 1-3
  7. two of the above
A
  1. 1-3
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16
Q

what component of RAAS drecting increase TPR?

  1. Renin
  2. Ang I
  3. Ang II
  4. Aldeosterone
  5. Ang Il and Aldosterone
A
  1. Ang II
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17
Q

What component of RAAS increase intravascular blood volume?

  1. Renin
  2. Ang I
  3. Ang II
  4. Aldeosterone
  5. Ang Il and Aldosterone
A
  1. Ang Il and Aldosterone
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18
Q 
what receptors are responsible for increase HR?
alpha 1
alpha 2
beta 1
beta 2
A

beta 1

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19
Q 
what receptors are responsible for vasocontriction?
alpha 1
alpha 2
beta 1
beta 2
A

alpha 1

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20
Q 
what receptors are responsible for venoconstriction?
alpha 1
alpha 2
beta 1
beta 2
A

alpha 1

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21
Q

by what mechanism did HR increase while exercising?

A

B1–> norephinephrine–> coming from SNS

Decrease PNS–> Acetocholime —> normally binds to muscularnic receptor

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22
Q

by what mechanism did SV increase while exercising?

A

alpha 1–> increase venous return, venous pump, respitory pump–> EDV–> strength of contraction–> increase SV

** NO BLOOD VOLUME**—> wont effect–> your hormone has to change

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23
Q

why PO2 decrease while exercising

A

muscle use more O2 from arterial blood.
take up more oxygen
uisng for metabolism ATP
arterial ventricle O2 difference has increased
the difference between aterial and venous in skeletal muscle increased because O2 needes more.
Diffuse easily RBC to tissues.

24
Q

what factors contribute to the increased blood flow to skeletal muscle during exercise?

A

local factors

25
Q

why does CO increase during exercise?

A

because increase HR
Intensity increase
SNS–>norephiphrine–>b1–>increase HR–> increase CO

26
Q

Why does SV plateu with increasing intensity of exercise after an inital increase during exercise?

A

Exercise–> HR is limiited–> increase HR–> short time of fill up (not enough to relax)–> EDV limited

contracility is not limited, not cause plateau

27
Q

what is causing the SBP to increase during exercise?

A

increase CO ( primary determinant)–> increase SBP because blood pressure in arteru when hear is pumping out of blood

During exercise, blood pumps more

28
Q

why does DBP not change during aerobic exercise?

A

primary deteminants is TPR
of DBP because blood is not pumping out, constricted. There is less resistance because during exercise, your pulmonary release all the local factors–> decrease TPR–> constant DBP or decrease

29
Q

what if local factors not release?

A

increase DBP–> constriction–> SNS ( local factors did not overcome)

30
Q

what effects did exercise have on TPR?
increase
decrease
no effect

A

decrease

31
Q

what would happen to net filtration if capilary oncotic pressure decreased?

  1. increase
  2. decrease
  3. no effect
A
  1. increase

protein content–> less protein–> not enough protein to hangon to the water to attack water

32
Q

what is another name of colloid osmotic pressure?

A

oncotic pressure

33
Q

what is difference between osmotic pressure and colloid pressure?

  1. no difference
  2. osmotic pressure is the pressure exerted by all soutes in a solution while oncotic pressure is the pressure exerts by protein only
A

2

34
Q

what would hapen to net filtration pressure if capilary hydrostatic pressure increased?

  1. increase
  2. decrease
  3. no effects
A
  1. increase
35
Q

How does SNS increase HR?

  1. Norepi increase k+ permeability
  2. Norepi increase Na+ permeability
  3. no effect
A
  1. Norepi increase Na+ permeability
36
Q

Exccessive PNS stimulation can stop the heart how?

  1. acetylcholine increase k+ permeability
  2. acetylcholine increase na+
  3. acetylcholine stimulate openly L-type ++
A
  1. acetylcholine increase k+ permeability
37
Q

EKG

Major electric activity in the onctracil cells which tell you something about the rate of transmission through the AV node?

  1. ST segment
  2. QT interval
  3. PR/PQ interval
  4. Width of P wave
  5. Width of T wave
  6. Width of QRS
A

Answer: 3. PR/PQ interval

  1. ST segment: after AP/ ventricular depolarization
  2. QT interval: begining/ too late
  3. PR/PQ interval: transmssion of AP on AV node
  4. Width of P wave: depolarization of atrial
  5. Width of T wave: repolarization of ventricle
  6. Width of QRS wave: tells nothing about transmisison
38
Q

which would be most specific to the rate of ventricular depolarization?

  1. ST segment
  2. QT interval
  3. PR/PQ interval
  4. Width of P wave
  5. Width of T wave
  6. Width of QRS
A
  1. Width of QRS

wider: slower
narrower: faster

39
Q

Which tells you somthing about how long it takes for ventricle to contract and relax?

  1. ST segment
  2. QT interval
  3. PR/PQ interval
  4. Width of P wave
  5. Width of T wave
  6. Width of QRS
A

2.QT interval

40
Q

In lead II, wha would you expect your P wave and QRS to look like?

1, both mostly downward
2. both mostly upward

A
  1. both mostly upward
41
Q

In lead AVF, what would you expect P wave and QRS to look like?

1, both mostly downward

  1. both mostly upward
  2. P wave mostly upward, QRS wave mostly down
  3. P wave mostly downward, QRS wave mostly upward
A
  1. both mostly upward
42
Q

In lead V6, what would you expect your P wave and QRS to look like?

1, both mostly downward

  1. both mostly upward
  2. P wave mostly upward, QRS wave mostly down
  3. P wave mostly downward, QRS wave mostly upward
A
  1. both mostly upward
43
Q

In lead V3, what would you expect your P wave and QRS to look like?

1, both mostly downward

  1. both mostly upward
  2. half and half
A
  1. half and half

because its perpendicular

44
Q

In lead V1/V2, what would you expect your P wave and QRS to look like?

1, both mostly downward

  1. both mostly upward
  2. half and half
A

1, both mostly downward

45
Q

In lead V4-V6, what would you expect your P wave and QRS to look like?

1, both mostly downward

  1. both mostly upward
  2. half and half
A

2.both mostly upward

46
Q

what is the rate limiting enzyme is cholestrol biosynthesis?

  1. Farnesyl pyroposphate
  2. HMG-COA reductase
  3. squalene
A
  1. HMG-COA reductase
47
Q

what cause S3?

A

dilation of ventricle because of atrial contracting

48
Q

what cause S4?

A

hypertropy–> stiffness of ventricle

49
Q

what are two factors affect Pulse Pressure?

A

SBP-DBP

decrease pulse pressure–> decrease SV

Two factors

  1. SV changes, pulse pressure changes
  2. compliance
50
Q

What cause MI?

A

Spasm of blood vessel

51
Q

MI feels clammy why?

A

because Norepi and Ephineph cause vasocontriction–> extramy–> alpha 1 and beta 1—> decrease blow flow

52
Q

Blood test, troponin, what is the process?

why troponin released?

A

troponin–> muscle contraction
–> increase ca++ –> bind to troponin–> myosin–> crossbridge formation–> contractility

troponin released because due to damage of cell memrbanes isoenzymes

53
Q

For mitral valve prolapse, why dizzness and why anxiety?

A

regargitation, asystematic

decrease SV and CO–> because not pumping enough blood

54
Q

For mitral valve prolapse, what kind of remodeling for regargitation?

A

volume overload –> dilation–> enlargment— increase pressure overload–> hypertropy

remodeling of atrium

55
Q

For mitral valve prolapse, increase blood flow cause increase anxiety? why?

A

severely for mitral valve cause decrease CO

56
Q

For hypovolemic shock, oxygen gain capacity

why hypovolemic shock?

A

diluted
saline diluted –> dilute RBC
RAAS activated–> reabsorb water and salt–> dilute RBC

57
Q

For hypovolemic shock, hemorrhagic shock

is all stage reversable?

A

no, last stage is not reversable because its losing so much blood–> tissue will die

ex) liver- no heart muscle left to flush

BSI 2 (22 decks)

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