Lecture 12- Mucous membranes (travers)

Question 1

mucous membrane is composed of 2 tissues

Answer 1

epithelium

connective tissue

Question 2

the blood vessels are located in the

Answer 2

lamina propia/ submucosa

Question 3

the connective tissue is comprised of the… and sometimes…

Answer 3

lamina propia

submucosa

Question 4

the minor salivary glands are located in the … or…

Answer 4

lamina propia or submucosa

Question 5

…. tissue is also embedded in the oral mucosa in the form of the lingual and palatine tonsils

Answer 5

lymphoid

Question 6

which is better at protection/barrier? epithelium or basal lamina

Answer 6

epithelium

Question 7

immune cells are in the….

Answer 7

lamina propia

Question 8

epithelial cells synthesize and secrete several antimicrobial molecules including… which are present all the time but the number and variety increase when there is an infection

Answer 8

beta-defensins

Question 9

beta defensins are ….-rich and …. charged. They bind to…. on… and permeate and leak intracellular contents

Answer 9

• cytsteine-rich
• positively charged(cationic)
• neg. charged bacterial membranes

Question 10

the oral mucosa is…. innervated

Answer 10

highly

Question 11

The innervation of the oral mucosa contrasts with pulp/dentin/PDL not because of more innervation but because of more

Answer 11

variety of types of sensations

Question 12

Nerve fibers activated in pulp and dentin, you feel…

Answer 12

pain

Question 13

nerve fibers innervated in the PDL, you feel…

Answer 13

pain and proprioception

Question 14

Nerve fibers activated in the oral mucosa triggers the following sensations

Answer 14

touch
pain
innocuous thermal
taste

Question 15

What are the nerve fibers in dentin and pulp that transmit pain

Answer 15

C
A delta
A beta

Question 16

What are the two fibers in the PDL that transmit pain and the one that transmits proprioception

Answer 16

PAIN:
C and A delta

PROPRIOCEPTION:
A beta

Question 17

What nerve fiber in the oral mucosa transmits TOUCH (non painful) sensation

Answer 17

A beta

Question 18

What nerve fibers in the oral mucosa transmit pain sensation

Answer 18

A delta and C

Question 19

What nerve fibers in the oral mucosa transmit innocuous thermal sensation

Answer 19

A delta and C

Question 20

What nerve fiber in the oral mucosa transmits taste sensation

Answer 20

A delta ?

Question 21

ALL oral epithelium is….. epithelium

Answer 21

stratified squamous

Question 22

oral epithelium is… renewing

Answer 22

self

Question 23

the deep layers of the epithelium in the oral mucosa are involved in

Answer 23

cell division

Question 24

the superficial layers of the epithelium in the oral mucosa are involved in

Answer 24

migrating, maturing and eventually are sloughed off the surface

Question 25

turnover times from fastest to slowest

Answer 25

``` FASTEST: gut Junctional Epithelium Taste buds Cheek Gingiva Skin SLOWEST ```

Question 26

which cells are most numerous in the oral epithelium

Answer 26

keratinocytes

Question 27

what are the 3 non-keratinocytes of the oral epithelium?

Answer 27

Merkel cells Melanocytes Langerhans

Question 28

What are the 2 clear cells of the oral epithelium

Answer 28

melanocytes | langerhans

Question 29

Merkel cells are... and are in the ... layers

Answer 29

sensory | basal

Question 30

Melanocytes are... cells and are in the .... layers

Answer 30

pigment | basal

Question 31

Langerhans are... cells and are in the ... layers

Answer 31

dendritic/immune | supra-basal layers

Question 32

different oral regions are lined by... vs.... epithelium

Answer 32

keratinized | non-keratinized

Question 33

Both keratinized and nonkeratinized epithelia have ... and... layers.

Answer 33

basal and prickle

Question 34

Keratinized has a.... layer where non-keratinized has a ... layer

Answer 34

granular | intermediate

Question 35

both keratinized and nonkeratinized all cells of the epithelium have .. proteins

Answer 35

cytokeratin

Question 36

cytokeratins assemble into...

Answer 36

intermediate filaments

Question 37

2 major groups of cytokeratins

Answer 37

``` type 1 (acidic) type 2 (basic) ```

Question 38

Type 1 and type 2 cytokeratin assemble into a

Answer 38

heterodimer

Question 39

The heterodimer has a central helical core flanked by..

Answer 39

non-helical ends

Question 40

Each cell expresses at least... cytokeratins

Answer 40

2 (one of each type)

Question 41

.... heterodimers make up an intermediate filament which is only 10nM

Answer 41

10K

Question 42

intermediate filaments are very...

Answer 42

mechanically tough

Question 43

intermediate filaments are stronger than both...

Answer 43

microtubules and microfilaments(actin)

Question 44

mutations in cytokeratins.... cause epidermolysis bullosa complex (EB simplex)

Answer 44

5 and 14

Question 45

Epidermolysis bullosa simplex (EB simplex) is rare and what results in.... It is most severe in epidermis but also oral consequences

Answer 45

blistering in response to minor trauma

Question 46

cytokeratin expression can change with... state

Answer 46

disease

Question 47

cytokeratins 8 and 18 are only in the junctional epithelium normally but increase in other epithelium during...

Answer 47

cancer

Question 48

mutations in cytokeratin genes can produce ..... diseases

Answer 48

regionally-specific

Question 49

an example of a regionally-specific cytokeratin gene mutation is....

Answer 49

whit sponge nevus

Question 50

white sponge nevus has mutations in cytokeratins.... and affects non-keratinized epithelia

Answer 50

4 and 13

Question 51

cytokeratins are not expressed in...

Answer 51

clear cells (melanocytes and dendritic/langerhans)

Question 52

do cytokeratins increase or decrease in superficial layers?

Answer 52

increase

Question 53

in keratinized epithelium, cytokeratins promote... and form... which bind to...

Answer 53

aggregation tonofibrils fillagrin

Question 54

cytokeratins in non keratinized epithelium do NOT promote..

Answer 54

aggregation

Question 55

Keratinized epithelium is.... but less.... than non-keratinized epithelium

Answer 55

tougher | less flexible

Question 56

toughness of epithelium is related to .... but permeability is more directly related to other factors

Answer 56

cytokeratins

Question 57

membrane coating granules are membrane-bound organelles filled with... and they first appear in .... layers and are released in more superficial layers to coat cell

Answer 57

glycolipids | upper prickle layers

Question 58

membrane coating granules occur in both.... and serve as an...

Answer 58

- keratinized and nonkeratinized | - intercellular barrier to aqueous substances

Question 59

membrane coating granules are more effective as a barrier in .... epithelium due to differences in chemical composition

Answer 59

keratinized

Question 60

there is a membrane thickening which is an inner face of keratinocytes in upper layers of...

Answer 60

both keratinized and nonkeratinized epithelia

Question 61

The membrane thickening is much more pronounced in .... and has a ... which is a 15nm cross-linked protein sheath comprised of.... and other proteins

Answer 61

- keratinized epithelium - cornified envelope - Loricrin

Question 62

the relative amount of type 1 to type 3 collagen is greater for .... regions of the oral cavity

Answer 62

less flexible

Question 63

Elastin is more prominent in... than in pulp or PDL

Answer 63

oral mucosa

Question 64

the lamina propia is split into a ... layer and an underlying... layer

Answer 64

papillary | reticular

Question 65

.... of the gingiva reflects underlying rete pegs and connective tissue papillae

Answer 65

stippling

Question 66

when the lamina propia is connected directly to the bone (i.e. there is no submucosa) it is called... and this happens in the gingiva, hard palate next to gingiva, rugae region and median raphe

Answer 66

mucoperiosteum

Question 67

the tongue has no submucosa so the lamina propia is connected directly to the..

Answer 67

muscle

Question 68

A .... is present under some regions of the oral mucosa and it contains larger vessels and nerves supplying the superficial LP, glands and separates LP from bone and muscle

Answer 68

submucosa

Question 69

are cytokeratins found in the ECM of the oral mucosa?

Answer 69

no (their inside the cells)

Question 70

the masticatory mucosa is made up of the... and the...

Answer 70

gingiva and hard palate

Question 71

The underside of the tongue, floor of the mouth, alveolar mucosa, soft palate, checck all comprise what kind of mucosa?

Answer 71

lining

Question 72

the dorsal part of the tongue and the vermilion borders of the lip are... mucosa

Answer 72

specialized

Question 73

do you have sweat or mucous glands in the vermillion zone?

Answer 73

no