lecture 12 Flashcards
What form do the misshapen proteins take on during amyloidosis?
beta pleated sheets.
If you find unexplained kidney, heart, and brain problems what should you think?
Amyloidosis
How do you stain amyloid?
congo red
What happens to the amyloid appearance when you add polarized filters?
you see and apple-green birefringence.
Multiple myeloma and other B cell abnormalities are associated with the major febrile protein_________?
AL protein
Chronic inflammatory conditions are associated with the major febrile protein_________?
AA protein
Chronic renal failure is associated with the major febrile protein _______?
AB2m protein (B=Beta)
Alzheimers disease is associated with the major febrile protein_______?
AB protein (B=Beta)
Prion diseases is associated with the major febrile protein ________?
PrPsc (AKA miss folded prion protein)
what is the precursor protein to AL protein in multiple myeloma?
Immunoglobulin light chains
what is the precursor protein to AA protein in chronic inflammatory diseases?
SAA protein
what is the precursor protein to AB2m in chronic renal failure?
B2 microglobulin
what is the precursor protein to AB in Alzheimers disease?
APP protein
what is the precursor protein to misfolded prion protein?
Normal prion protein
What are 6 major causes of secondary amyloidosis?
SLE Tuberculosis Rheumatoid arthritis Ulcerarive colitis Tumors Sarcoidosis
If you have a heart that has been affected by amyloid, what changes will you generally see?
coloration changes (yellow/pinking plaques) Size if the organ increases
T/F Amyloidosis can cause brown spots on the skin that look like a bruise?
TRUE
Dark and swollen legs, enlarged tongue, and purpura around the eyes are all characteristic of what ?
amyloidosis
What happens to vessels when they collect a large amount of amyloid within them?
they become prone to aneurysm.
Why do bleeding disorders often accompany amyloidosis?
1) difficult to repair damage to vessel with so much amyloid
2) Amyloid absorbs factor 10 preventing normal clotting.
Nephrotic syndrome, organomegly, bleeding disorders, and intracerebral hemorrhage define which disease?
amyloidosis.
Reasons to consider immunodeficiency include (6)?
1) persistent/frequent infections or inflammation
2) opportunistic infections
3) atypical autoimmunity
4) unexplained lymphadenopathy/splenomegly.
5) family history of immunodeficiency
6) congenital abnormality with symptoms (Ex: digeorge)
Once you think that the person has an immunodeficiency, you will want to determine if it is B cell or T cell deficiency. What are some signs that it is a B cell deficiency (2)?
1) recurrent infections with extracellular encapsulated bacteria.
2) recurrent pulmonary disease (every winter getting pneumonia)
Once you think that the person has an immunodeficiency, you will want to determine if it is B cell or T cell deficiency. What are some signs that it is a T cell deficiency (5)?
1) recurrent infections with opportunistic infections. (fungi, viruses, pneumocystis)
2) Potentially fatal reactions to live virus vaccines
3) susceptibility to GVH disease
4) growth retardation, wasting, diarrhea
5) increased malignancy
