3 Flashcards
What kind of cell death is due to irreversible cell injury?
necrosis
T-F–apoptosis occurs during programmed cell death in proliferating tissues, but is not a response to specific types of injury?
False—virus, t-cell killing, radiation are specific types of injury that where apoptosis occurs
What is type II programmed cell death? What is the main component of this?
Autophagy
-lysosomal digestion of the cells own components
What type of cell death-non-physiologic?
necrosis
What type of cell death-non-physiologic and physiologic?
apoptosis
What type of cell death-no gene transcription of protein synthesis?
necrosis
What type of cell death-highly regulated?
apoptosis
What type of cell death-no energy required?
necrosis
What type of cell death-energy dependent?
apoptosis
What type of cell death-random chromatin cleavage?
necorsis
What type of cell death-endonuclease cleavage of chromatin (DNA ladder)?
apoptosis
What type of cell death-lysosomes stay intact?
apoptosis
What type of cell death-cell membrane leakage?
necrosis
What type of cell death-death of individual cells?
apoptosis
What type of cell death-karyolysis and karyorrhexis?
necrosis
What is karyolysis?
loss of basophilic nuclear staining due to complete dissolution of the chromatin matter due to DNAase
What is karyorrhexis?
nuclear fragmentation
What type of cell death-cell organelles preserved?
apoptosis and irregular chromatin distribution throughout cytoplasm.
What type of cell death-cell swelling?
necrosis
What type of cell death-cell shrinkage?
apoptosis
What type of cell death-eosinophilia?
necrosis
What type of cell death-phagocytosis by adjacent cells?
apoptosis
What type of cell death-inflammatory response?
necrosis
what is irreversible condensation of chromatin in the nucleus of a cell?
pyknosis
What the of necrosis-injury and acidification denatures proteins, but there is preservation of cell outlines and tissue structure?
coagulative necrosis
What type of necrosis-heterolysis, catalytic enzymes, no cell outlines?
liquefactive
What type of necrosis- cheesy white appearance?
caseous necrosis
What does fatty acids complex with in enzymatic fat necrosis?
calcium-saponification
How much of our neurons die during development due to apoptosis?
50%
T-F—necrosis is the method for destroying self reactive lymphoid cells>
false…apoptosis
What gene/proteins does apoptosis require?
Bax and/or Bak
What type of cell death-emphasis is placed on limiting injury?
necrosis
What type of cell death-genetic biochemical pathway that can be pharmacologically manipulated?
apoptosis
What type of disease do we want to promote apoptosis?
cancer
what type of disease do we want to inhibit apoptosis?
neurodegeneration/ischemia
Is p53 a pro-oncogene?
no it is a tumor suppressor
T-F—viruses can block apoptosis?
True
What is the main convergence in pathways during apoptosis?
caspase 3-executioner caspases
[he also has 7 listed but doesn’t seem to think its that big of a deal like 3]
What type of cell death-condensed nuclear staining is spread randomly throughout the tissue?
apoptosis [punctate basophilic nuclei will be spread sporadically in the tissue
extrinsic vs intrinsic apoptosis- mitochondrial permeabilization?
intrinsic
What protein family controls intrinsic permeabilization?
Bcl-2
Extrinsic vs. Intrinsic apoptosis-Fas, TNF, Trail?
Extrinsic—ligands bind to surface receptors
How does Bax/Bak work?
forma pore that releases Cytochrome C from the inner-membrane—Bcl-2 typically blocks formation of this pore
What pathway is defective in patients with autoimmune lymph proliferative syndrome?
defects in extrinsic apoptosis [FAS specifically]
—>increased lymphocyte survival
What protein is the main study for enhanced apoptosis?
Bcl-2 antagonists
T-F—defects in autophagy may lead to cancer?
True
T-F—their is an interest in activating autophagy in neurodegenerative disease?
true–increase removal of misfiled proteins or damaged mitochondria
Where does the pink1 protein accumulate normally?
inter membrane space of mitoch.
Where does pink1 accumulate following loss of mitoch transmembrane potential?
outer mitoch. membrane
What does pink1 in the wrong place cause?
recruitment of parkin, mitophagy
What disease is associated with pink1/parkin defects?
parkinsons
