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Medsci 202 > Lecture 11 > Flashcards

Lecture 11 Flashcards

1
Q

How are streptococci classified in the lancefield typing system?

A

Serology is used determined by the specific cell wall carbohydrates of each groups

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2
Q

What streptococci make up group A?

A

S.Pyogenes

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3
Q

What streptococci make up group B?

A

S.aglactiae

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4
Q

What streptococci make up group C?

A

S.equi, S.bovis

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5
Q

What streptococci make up group F?

A

S.intermedius

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6
Q

What streptococci make up group D?

A

S.Bovis

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7
Q

What streptococci can not be classified by the lancefield system?

A

S.Pneumoniae, viridans group (S.Mitis, S. Salivarius)

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8
Q

How can S.Pyogenes be identified?

A

Gram positive, catalase negative, beta haemolysis bacitracin sensitive

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9
Q

How can enterococcus spp. be identified?

A

Gram positive, catalase negative, gamma haemolysis, positive for bile esculine agar

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10
Q

How can viridans streptococci be identified?

A

Gram positive, catalase negative, alpha haemolysis, resistant to optochin

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11
Q

How can S.pneumoniae be identified?

A

Gram positive, catalase negative, alpha haemolysis and sensitivity to optochin

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12
Q

How can s.pyogenes be spread, and where does it colonize?

A

Spread through respiratory droplets, colonising the upper respiratory tract

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13
Q

What are the virulence factors of streptococci?

A

Microbial surface components recognizing adhesive matrix molecules, Pili, Streptolysin O and S, various spreading factors

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14
Q

What are the cyto toxins produced by streptococci?

A

Streptolysin O which forms membrane pores

Streptolysin S which lyses erythrocytes, plateltes and leukocytes

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15
Q

What spreading factor is different between S.Pyogenes and S.Aureus?

A

S.Pyogenes contains streptokinase fro fibrin breakdown as opposed to staphylokinase

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16
Q

What are the superantigens for S.Pyogenes and how are they different to S.Aureus?

A

Streptococcal pyogenic exotoxins, Streptococcal mitogenic exotoxin, they are different from S.Aureus super antigens as they do not cause food poisoning

17
Q

What are the immune evasion factors for S.Pyogenes?

A

Protein M which prevents C3b opsonization, Capsule of hyaluronic acid, C5a peptidase which inhibits chemotaxis

18
Q

What are the conditions that may result from a S.Pyogenes infection?

A

Impetigo, Pharyngitis, Scarlet Fever, Cellulitis, Necrotising fasciitis, Streptococcal toxic shock syndrome, rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease

19
Q

What is Necrotising fasciitis?

A

A deep infection that causes desturction of muscle, having a high mortality rate

20
Q

What is the difference between streptococcal toxic shock syndrome and staphylococcal toxic shock syndrome?

A

Streptococcal is more severe and faster, has a high mortality rate

21
Q

What do most streptococci grow in as colonies and what is the exception?

A

Most grow in long chain, but S.Pnuemoniae forms ‘doublets’

22
Q

What is the epidemiology of S.agalactiae?

A

Asymptomatic colonization of upper respiratory tract and genitourinary tract, most dangerous infections occur in uncolonised newborns with a weak immune system

23
Q

What is the epidemiology of Viridans Streptococci?

A

Colonisation oropharynx, GI tract, and urinary tract, often seen in mouth flora as dental plaque

24
Q

What are the virulence factors of Viridans Streptococci?

A

Has Pili allowing it to form dental film

25
Q

What diseases are caused by Viridans Streptococci?

A

Dental Caries, bacterial endocarditis,spetic shock in immunocompromised patients

26
Q

What is the epidemiology of S.Pneumonia?

A

Colonises the pharynx and spreads to lungs, sinuses and ears

27
Q

What are the virulence factors of S.pneumonia?

A

Antiphagocytic capsule, pneumolysin which destroys ciliated epithelial cells

28
Q

What diseases can be caused by S.Pneumonia?

A

Pneumonia, Meningitis,Bacteremia, Sinusitis and Otitis media

29
Q

What classification is enterococcus spp?

A

It is its own genus, previously used tp be part of group D

30
Q

What is the epidemiology of enterococcus?

A

Found commonly in the GI tract but can spread as an opportunistic pathogen if normal gut flora is compromised

31
Q

What diseases are caused by enterococcus?

A

UTI’s subacute endocarditis

32
Q

What are the invasive diseases caused by S.Pyogenes?

A

Necrotising fasciitis, Streptococcal toxic shock syndrome

32
Q

What are the invasive diseases caused by S.Pyogenes?

A

Necrotising fasciitis, Streptococcal toxic shock syndrome

33
Q

What are the non-invasive diseases caused by S. Pyogenes?

A

Impetigo, Pharyngitis, Scarlet Fever, Cellulitis

33
Q

What are the non-invasive diseases caused by S. Pyogenes?

A

Impetigo, Pharyngitis, Scarlet Fever, Cellulitis

Medsci 202 (16 decks)

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