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Medsci 202 > Lecture 1 > Flashcards

Lecture 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is an extremophile?

A

A microorganism specialized at living under extreme conditions

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2
Q

What is a halophile?

A

Microorganism that lives in high salt conditions

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3
Q

What is a thermopile?

A

Microorganisms that thrive at temperatures between 60• -120•

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4
Q

What is a cryophile?

A

Microorganisms that grow at 15• or lower

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5
Q

What is an acidophile?

A

Microorganism whose optimum pH is at or below 3

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6
Q

What is an alkaliphile?

A

A microorganism whose optimum pH is at 9 or higher

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7
Q

What is a xerophile?

A

A microorganism that lives in extremely dry conditions

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8
Q

What are the 7 basic shapes for bacteria?

A

Coccus, Bacillus, Coccobacillus, Fusiform bacillus, vibrio, spirillum, spirochete

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9
Q

What do you use brightfield microscopy for?

A

Gram stained organisms

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10
Q

What do you use darkfield microscopy for?

A

Examination of thin organisms against a dark background

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11
Q

What do you use phase contrast microscopy for?

A

To observe live, unstained organisms

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12
Q

What do you use fluorescence microscopy for?

A

Immuno diagnostic purposes via dyes attached to organisms

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13
Q

What do you use scanning electron microscopy for?

A

Examination of surface features of cells/viruses as image appears 3D

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14
Q

What would you use transmission electron microscopy for?

A

Examination of cellular and viral ultra structure as internal features are shown

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15
Q

What is the purpose of a flagella?

A

Movement (via proton-motif force)

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16
Q

What is the purpose of a fimbriae?

A

NOT movement, but to adhere to hosts or for exchange of genetic material

17
Q

What is the purpose of Slime Layers

A

Used for gliding, aggregation and formation of biofilms

18
Q

What is the purpose of a capsule?

A

Protection from desiccation and the immune system

19
Q

What is an endospore?

A

A bacteriums last ditch attempt at survival, as it can lie dormant for many years waiting for the correct environmental conditions

20
Q

What is an isolate?

A

A pure microbial sample from an infected individual

21
Q

What is a strain?

A

A genetic variant of a species

22
Q

What is a serotype?

A

A subtype of a bacteria that can be identified by specific antibodies

23
Q

What is a pathovar?

A

A subtype of a bacteria which invades a specific type of tissue or host

24
Q

Does a gram negative or positive bacteria have a thick peptidoglycan layer?

A

Positive

25
Q

How many cell membranes does a gram negative bacteria have?

A

2

26
Q

What colours are the posiitve and negative results of the gram stain?

A

Positive is blue, negative is red

Medsci 202 (16 decks)

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