Lecture 11 Flashcards
Do ice baths and contrast water therapy enhance athletic performance?
May rescue sensory perception of fatigue (conduction velocity slows down). Neither massage, contrast temperature water immersion of hyperbaric oxygen therapy offers any advantage.
What is fitness testing?
Standardised process of measuring physiological parameters to assess fitness, function and health.
What does athletic testing tell someone?
- Predict performance through certain aspects of fitness.
- Asses safety in competition.
- Asses efficacy of training.
- Asses compliance - have they been following their workouts?
- Asses presence of overtraining?
Why do general population do VO2 max testing?
Asses aspects of fitness:
- asses cardiorespiratory, musculoskeletal and pulmonary function.
Asses aspects of health:
-detect presence of diseases, asses severity of disease and predict disease outcomes.
Why do teams test in in-season? Off season?
In season: prevent overtraining.
Off-season: fix things - athletes may underperform so they are not held to an extremely high standard.
What is the difference between doing athletic testing for endurance vs strength training?
Endurance can be predicted or measured while anaerobic training can mostly be just measured.
How will testing be objective.
- all judgements should be based on observable data (not emotions or prejudice).
- Results should be interpreted without favoritism.
- All tests should be done by qualified individuals.
How is a test reliable? What are some extrinsic and intrinsic factors that affect reliability?
- Reliable = results are reproducible indicating that changes are real.
Extrinsic- equipment, clothing, environmental conditions.
Intrinsic - medication, nutritional status, effort, sleep.
What is the ultimate test of performance? Can you always trust fitness scores?
Competition!
Can’t just trust scores because some people train just for the tests and not for the sport.
Should we exercise in a fasted state?
Exercising when fasting may increase fat oxidation compared to exercise in a post prandial (full stomach) state. But endurance performance is likely to be decreased in the fasted state due to glycogen depletion. Recommended that endurance athletes should do high intensity training while fasting.
Who is a higher risk for sudden death during fitness test?
Those with occult (unknown) cardiac risk factors.
What sex is at more at a risk factor for cardiac issues?
Male
What is sudden athlete death syndrome?
Sudden and unexpected death of a “healthy” individual during exercise or sport (within 4 hours).
When does exercise pose a threat for any individual?
Exercising in a non-neutral environment (different than 10-11 degrees C)
How does inactivity impact someone’s risk of death during exercise?
- Unfit = 50 x more at risk than active individual to have a sudden cardiac death during vigorous exercise.
How does exercise environment impact one’s risk of injury.
1) Exercise induced Hyperthermia:
Thermoregulatory mechanisms fail and the core body temp climbs uncontrollably. Brain death occurs at 41 to 45 degrees C.
2) Hyperpyrexia: Core temperature is set above normal - hypothalamus tells brain to keep a warmer internal environment.
3) Interactions
Exercise and Drug Use
When is it likely if someone died from an occult cardiac event?
Died younger than 35.
What sport was found to be the worst for sudden cardiac death?
Men’s Basketball
What are occult cardiac disorders?
Undiagnosed congenital defect. Undetected until triggered by exercise.
What is the disease that effects sarcomeres and relates to occult cardiac disorders?
Impaired contractile function that leads to ventricular hypertrophy that eventually causes an fibrillation.
What is Arrhythmia and the difference between atrial and ventricular fibrillation?
Arrhythmia: A generic term for abnormal electrical activity.
Atrial fibrillation: chronic condition - treatable.
Ventricular fibrillation: common cause of cardiac arrest- fatal if no AED
How can you determine if someone has a OCD?
Genetic testing
Why is it difficult to determine if someone has an occult heart disorder?
- Abnormalities in ECG can signify underlying pathologies but false positives are also possible due to overlap with “athlete’s heart”.
How do you know if an athlete has OCD or a false positive?
If the athlete is able to exercise at maximal intensity without
difficulty, it can be concluded that abnormal ECG changes
are likely attributed to the athletic heart syndrome
