Lecture 1

Question 1

What is Exercise?

Answer 1

Planned, structured, and repetitive movement intended to improve or maintain one or more components of physical fitness.

Question 2

What is Exercise Training?

Answer 2

Any system of organised or methodologically arranged set of ideas, theories or speculations.

Question 3

What is an Exercise Prescription?

Answer 3

A recommended physical activity program designed in a systemic and individualised manner in terms of frequency, intensity, time and type.

Question 4

What pathogens can exercise reduce the likelihood of?

Answer 4

Coronary Artery Diesease
Obesity/ Metabolic Syndrome
Cancers

Question 5

What is always influencing exercise and our subsequent performance?

Answer 5

Genetics!!

Question 6

Name the important people to Exercise Prescription (10)?

Answer 6

1) Per Olaf Aastrand
2) Tudor Bompa
3) Frank Booth
4) Claude Bouchard
5) John Faulkner
6) William Kraemer
7) Kelko Hakkinen
8) Mike Houston
9) Bengt Saltin
10) Hans Selye (general adaptation syndrome).

Question 7

What can influence our aging process?

Answer 7

The presence or absence or exercise

Question 8

What can follow the alarm phase. What is this effect?

Answer 8

1) Resistance phase = adaptation

2) Exhaustion phase = maladaptation.

Question 9

What is the definition of stress?

Answer 9

An unusual environmental condition that causes physiological, emotional, behavioural or cognitive changes in an individual. - Any condition that disrupts homeostasis.

Question 10

Can eustress and distress be present at the same time?

Answer 10

Yes, both can be present at the same time and can be of equal magnitude to potentially cancel each other out.

Question 11

Which stressors result in eustress or distress?

Answer 11

There is none, because what is happening in an environment can be interpreted as an E or D by an individual.

Question 12

How can the Alarm Phase be described?

Answer 12

A period of initial reaction to a stress or stressor. It induces “downstream” changes in physiology.

Question 13

Why does your performance decline during training? But what happens afterwards?

Answer 13

Due to fatigue. But after you recover and adapt and show improvement as the body aims to reduce the amount of stress the next time you exercise (metabolic stress).

Question 14

What is adaptation?

Answer 14

The gain in cellular or system function that occurs as a result of exercise training and which improve athletic performance. Produces the training effect.

Question 15

Why do elite athletes must train more frequently than other individuals?

Answer 15

The resistance phase is briefer, therefore to continue to see improvements load must change and one needs to exercise more frequently.

Question 16

When do adaptations occur?

Answer 16

After the resistance phase. But this adaptation can be amplified or reduced based on stress.

Question 17

How does genetics impact adaptation?

Answer 17

Some individuals are either high responders, responders or low/ no responders due to exercise.

Question 18

What is maladaptation?

Answer 18

The loss of cellular or system function that occurs as a result of either excessive activity or excessive inactivity and which erodes athletic performance and health.

Question 19

What can occur if you run marathons every day? Do excessive resistance training?

Answer 19

1) Cardiac damage

2) Rhabomylosis- breakdown of muscle fibres - content then enters circulation.