Lecture 10 Racial Discrimination

Question 1

stereotype?

Answer 1

beliefs that members of outgroup possess certain characteristics / traits

Question 2

prejudice?

Answer 2

antipathy (intense dislike) for a group

- feeling

Question 3

discrimination?

Answer 3

any negative beh directed toward person based on his or her membership in a group
- stereotype + prejudice combined

Question 4

how to measure bias?

Answer 4

• explicit measures= strongly agree, agree, disagree
• implicit measures= reaction times, response harder to fake= you don’t have time to control beh= testing non-bias response
• physiological measures
• beh measures
  
  • conversation: get people in same group to converse=
    rate conversation
  • more external validity

Question 5

evidence of racism (3)

Answer 5

• statistical diff in life outcomes
• reports from minority groups= experiencing distress
• discrimination conducted by majority groups

Question 6

life outcomes

Answer 6

• diff in life expectancy between non-indigenous australians and indigenous australians
• chronic diseases– cancer– difference in mortality rate
• rate of employment

Question 7

life outcomes: limitations

Answer 7

• its indirect= don’t know if its caused by racism or not

- don’t capture everyday basis

Question 8

how is perceived bias measured?

Answer 8

• by subjective measures

- how often they experience racism (never, rarely, sometimes)

Question 9

perceived bias: limitations

Answer 9

• no detail about severity of racism
• might misinterpret racism= inaccurate
• only look at frequency of it happening= some might be experiencing more severe racism
• racist event occurred, but maybe wasn’t noticed or seen as racism
• poor memory
• minimalisation bias= less sensitive to racism– brush it off, don’t think its serious
• what does “very often” mean?= subjective

Question 10

diary methods= ?

Answer 10

• useful for getting objective perspective

Question 11

subjective measures are…?

Answer 11

• more related to well-being

Question 12

majority discrimination how measured?

Answer 12

• self-report / explicit
• implicit
• physiological
• beh

Question 13

majority discrimination: study on discrimination tipping

Answer 13

Lyan et al (2008)

• black and white diners at restaurant in USA
• collected perceptions of dining experience, server traits, tip size
• white servers= got more tip
• effect= wasn’t significantly moderated by customer race= moderated by service quality
• white tip= larger when service was perfect, compared to less than perfect service
• black tip= when rated perfect service, not sign different from tips received from less than perfect service

Question 14

majority discrimination: study on job callbacks + racial soundingness of applicant’s name

Answer 14

Booth, Leigh (2012)

• sent fake CUs to employers
• chinese + middle eastern applicants= had to submit 50% more applications to receive same # of callbacks as anglo people

Question 15

Booth, Leigh (2012): strengths and limitations

Answer 15

• strength: observational studies= unlikely that results will be distorted
• limitation: questionnaire= presentation biases, underestimate prejudice

Question 16

consequences of racism

Answer 16

linked to:

• cortisol, HPA dysregulation
• sleep disturbance
• smoking
• alcohol, illicit drug use

Question 17

Paradies + Cummingham (2012)

Answer 17

assessed freq. + impact of experiencing racism, stress, depression, optimism, social support, cultural identity

• racism= 5% of variance in depression
• racism= makes people feel: ashamed, humiliated, anxious, powerless= depression