Lecture 10 Myeloid Malignancies Flashcards
In acute leukaemias do leukaemia cells retain their ability to differentiate
No leukaemic cells do not differentiate
In chronic leukaemias do leukaemic cells retain their ability to differentiate
Yes
What are the clinical features of Acute Myeloid Leukaemia
Bone marrow failure
Anaemia
Thrombocytopenic bleeding (purpurin and mucosal bleeding)
Infection due to neutropenia (bacterial)
Name 5 essential investigations for AML
Blood count and blood film
Bone marrow aspirate/trephine
Cytogenetics
Immunophenotyping of leukaemic blasts
How is AML treated
Supportive Anti-leukaemic chemo Allogenic stem cell transplant All-trans retinoic acid Targeted treatment
What are the clinical features of Chronic Myeloid Leukaemia
Anaemia Splenomegaly Weight loss Hyperleukostasis Gout
What is Hyperleukostasis
Over-accumulation of leukaemic cells within the small vessels
Is bone marrow failure seen with proliferation in CML
No
What are the laboratory features of CML
High WCC
High platelet count
Anaemia
Blood film shows all stages of white cells with increased basophils
What mutation does CML bone marrow and blood cells contain
Philadelphia chromosome t(9;22)
How is CML treated
Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors
Imatinib
Ends in nib (basically)
What is Polycythaemia Rubra Vera
Polycythaemia vera is a myeloproliferative neoplasm known to be associated with dysregulated signalling of the Janus associated kinases JAK1 and JAK2
What are the clinical features of PRV
Headaches Itch Vascular occlusion Thrombosis TIA, stroke Splenomegaly
What are the laboratory features of PV
Raised haemoglobin and haematocrit
Raised white cell count and platelet count
Raised uric acid-proliferation
How is PRV treated
Venesection to keep the haematocrit below 0.45 (m) and 0.43 (f) Aspirin Hydroxcarbamide JAK2 inhibitor Reduce risk of stroke
