Lecture 10 Flashcards
What sort of joint is the hip joint?
Ball and socket
Acteabulum cup and Femor head ball
Strong and stable multiaxial ball and socket joint
can move in any direction (flex, ext, add, abd, int & ext. rotate)
v. mobile
(knee joint is less mobile as is hinge joint)
designed for both movement and stability, as when standing the entire body weight is transferred from the hips to the femurs and legs
What movements can be performed at the hip joint?
movement in Any direction
-as ball and socket joint
- flex, ext, abd, add, int.&ext. rotation
(knee joint comparatively less mobile as only hinge joint (one plane))
What is the stability of the Hip joint like?
High stability, as acetabulum covers Over 1/2 of femur head = high boney coverage
hard to dislocate except with trauma
vs: shoulder joint is less stable
What is the relationship between the acetabulum and femur head and coverage?
Acetabulum cup and femur head ball for hip ball and socket joint
High stability as acetabulum covers over>1/2 of femur head = high boney coverage = high stability and hard to dislocate except with trauma
What features of the hip joint’s ball (femur) allows it to have high mobility?
neck
Femur has Long and narrow NECK
-therefore moves around alot
= if neckshort, if you flexed/abducted hip, bits of femur would stick out and hit pelvis more (less mobile)
=if thicker neck - more contact with pelvis during flexion
-Younger people with thick femur necks = Hip flexion problems
What are the features of the femor’s Neck that allows the hip joint to be mobile?
Neck is Long and Narrow
What would happen to the mobility of the hip join if the neck of the femur was short?
during Flexion /ABD
bits of femur would stick out and hit pelvis more
=less mobile
What would happen to the mobility of the hip joint if the neck of the femur was thicker?
during flexion
would hit pelvis more
= less mobile
-children with hip roblems = born with thicker femur neck
What is a likely structural attribute of children with hip problems (mobility)?
born with a Thicker (less narrow and long) Femur Neck
=hits pelvis more during Flexion (Abd)
= Less mobile
What relative parts of the acetabulum are made up by the 3x parts of the hip?
Superiorly= illium Anteriorly = Pubis Posteriorly = Ischium
What is the surface of the acetabulum covered with?
Articular cartilage
as in the joint space itself
What are the essential features of the Acetabular Fossa?
Central
Filled with fat + ligament of femoral head/ligamentum teres
NON articular
What are the 2x contents of the Articular Fossa?
- Fat
2. Ligament of femoral Head = Ligamentum teres
What is the name of the ligament of the femoral head, located inside the articular fossa?
Ligamentum Teres
Where is Ligamentum Teres located?
is the ligament of the femoral Head
Is located inside the articular fossa with Fat
Is the Articular fossa a articular or non articular surface?
Non articular surface
What are the essential features of the acetabular notch?
Notch/Gap between in the articulating surface of acetabulum inferiorly
Transverse Acetabular ligament runs across and completes the last 1/4 of circle of the acetabulum = helps with femoral articulation
What is the inferior gap of the articulating surface of the acetabulum called?
Articular notch
notch = gap
last 1/4 of circle completed by Transverse Acetabular Ligament
What composes the last 1/4 of the acetabular circle?
Transverse Acetabular Ligament
completes articulating circle Inferiorly
Helps with articulation
Which ligament helps with articulation in the acetabulum?
Transverse Acetabular Ligament
What sums up the hip joint’s main features?
strong, (mobile) and stable multiaxial ball and socket joint
-designed for movement and stability, as during standing the entire body weight is transferred through the hips to the femurs and legs
Why is the hip joint designed to be a strong, (mobile), stabile multi-axial ball and socket joint?
Designed for movememnt and stability
as when standing the entire body weight is transferred from the hip, to the femurs and legs
What happens when you’re standing regarding weight distribution?
When standing, your entire body weight is transferred from your hips –> to your femurs and legs
therefore you hip joints needs to be designed for movement and stability by being a strong, (mobile) and stable mutliaxial ball and socket joint
What are the essential features of the acetabulum?
around Perimeter of acetabulum Fibrocartilagenous structure Increases coverage over the femoral head -helps to hold in place -increases the stability of the joint
What structure increases the coverage over the femoral head?
Acetabular labrum
-helps hold the femoral head in place –> thereby increasing the stability of the joint
Where is the acetabular labrum located?
around the perimeter of the acetabulum
What are the essential differences in the Ligamentum Teres during utero/childhood and adulthood?
Utero/childhood: Artery runs through ligamentum teres to supply femoral head with blood
Patent/no femoral head supply in adults
Hip operation/replacement may need to cut - a little bit of blood may come out in some people but DOESNT SUPPLY f head in adult population
What structure has an artery running through it as a child, but then becomes patent/no longer supplies in the adult population?
Ligametnum Teres
Utero/childhood supplies femoral head
What fraction of the femoral head forms a sphere?
2/3
By how much does the acetabular labrum increase the articulating area of the hips ball and socket joint?
10%
What is the direction of the femoral head in regards to its articulation of the acetabulum?
Superiomedial + 12 degrees Anterior
in articulation with acetabulum
Is the Transverse acetabular ligament articular or non articular?
non-articular
What is the one area of the femoral head that isnt covered by articular cartilage?
Fovea
- where Ligamentum Teres inserts (on the femoral head)
- everything else is covered by hyaline cartilage
What is the name of the area on the Femoral head which is non articular and is where the Ligamentum Teres inserts?
Fovea of femoral head
What 2x things in the acetabular are Non articular?
Acetabular fossa
Transverse Acetabular Ligament
Fovea
where ligamentum teres inserts on the femoral head
-only place on femoral head not covered in hyaline cartilage
What thing does the acetabular fossa and Transverse acetabular ligament have in common?
Both Non articular
What is the head of the femur covered with?
Hyaline articular cartilage
At what angle is the femora head to its long shaft/axis of femur?
115-140 degrees
Allows:
high mobility
lots of force through femoral necks
What 2x things does the 115-140 degree difference between femoral necks and long axis/shaft of the femur allow?
- High mobility
2. lots of force through the femoral neck
What is the name of the roughened boney ridge across the femoral neck between the 2 trochanters called?
Intertrochanteric Lone
Important boney landmark
What is the name of the boney prominences/elevations where the femoral neck joins its shaft?
Greater and Lesser Trichanters
What is the relationship between Muscles and boney prominences?
Bits of bones get raised and become bigger (i.e. tuberosities/trichanters) when they’re attached to muscles
-as the muscles pull on them and make them bigger
(develop the boney prominences)
What muscle group majorly attaches to the greater trichanter?
Gluteal Muscles
What is the relative position between the greater and lesser trichanter of the femur?
Greater trichanter of femur= LAteral
What muscle attaches to the Lesser Trichanter of the femur?
Illio Psoas Muscle
What is the Intertrochanteric chrest?
Line between Greater and Lesser Trichanter
Line from where things do and dont have a blood supply
Boney ridge
Chrest= Boney ridge
Line = Ligamentum tine
