Lecture 1 Flashcards
anatomical position
Left is right, right is left
legs together with toes pointing forward
aplms forward
Coronal plane
“crown”
in line with coronal suture (skull)
front and back sides
Sagital plane
“sagitta” = arrow (arrow piercing front to back)
left and right halves -down median plane
non-midline = parasagittal planes
paralled to coronal
Axial plane
Transverse plane -width of body -cross sections
Perpendicular to both sagittal and coronal planes
What are the Coronal, sagittal and axial planes collectively called?
Cardinal planes
What is the non-cardinal plane?
Oblique plane
What are Median structures?
lie on the Midline of the body
What is Caudal?
Inferior
superior = cranial
What terms are used interchangably with superior and inferior?
Cranial and CAUDAL
Proximal / Distal
relative to trunk
GI tract + arteries: Proximal=upstream. Distal = downstream
Veins and lymph = drainage = distal –> proximal
Interior/Exterior
centre of organ or cavity
Ipsilateral/Contralateral
same side of body/opposite side of body
What does Contralateral mean?
Opposite side of the body
What does ipsilateral mean?
Same side of the body
Hyperextension
movement beyond necessary to straigthen joint
Adduction/Abduction
relative to median plane
Protraction/Retraction
moving something anteriorly, moving a part posteriorly
Circumduction
form a circle
-combination of flexion, abduction, extension, adduction so that the distal part forms a circle
Supination/Pronation
Rotation so underside faces anteriorly/posteirorly
What is the pairing for opposition?
Reposition
-returning thumb to be in anatomical position
Lateral bending
neck from side to side
Superficial/deep
closer/further to body surface
Compartments and Infection/Tumour
Infection contained
doesnt spread throughout body as fast
Compartments and Pressure
Blood/fluid build up Fascia cannot stretch Compress Blood Vessels No bloody supply Ischemiac \+(Necrotic) Surgery=Cut Fascia
Athletes compartments syndrome
Lots of training muscles buldge (compression) fluid doesnt get out as fast as is coming in Surgery to cut fascia to avoid compartment syndrome
Can Fascia stretch?
Relatively unyeilding
Muscle bellies contract and expand
-they compress the veins and force the blood in these vessels to return to the heart
How does bloody flow, dense fascia and muscles work in unison?
Deep fascia is relatively unyeilding/doesnt stretch
Muscles contract and relax, compressing and relaxing to force blood in the vessels to return to the heart
