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BMSC 240 > Lecture 10 + 11 > Flashcards

Lecture 10 + 11 Flashcards

1
Q

phases of a growth curve

A

-lag, log/exponential, stationary, death/decline

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2
Q

turbidity estimates

A

percent light transmitted depends on scattered light not reaching detector

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3
Q

plates with ….. colonies are a good dilution to calculate number of cells

A

25-250

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4
Q

backwards through serial dilution

A

-count colony
-divide by volume PLATED
=cfu/mL
-multiply by volume of TUBE
=cfu/tube
-divide by volume placed in that tube from previous
=cfu/mL of previous tube

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5
Q

serial dilution counting

A

indirect, viable

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6
Q

counting chamber

A

direct, total (count cells, but not LIVE cells)

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7
Q

antibiotic

A

something that kills bacteria selectively without killing others

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8
Q

bactericidal/bacteriolytic

A

death of bacteria

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9
Q

bacteriostatic

A

block division

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10
Q

mechanism of action

A

what is the target

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11
Q

spectrum of activity

A

narrow/broad (the closer an organism is to us, the harder it is to treat as drugs must be more specific)

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12
Q

effective dose

A

conc. to see bacterial inhibition

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13
Q

toxic dose

A

conc. where you get damaged

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14
Q

therapeutic index

A

toxic over effective

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15
Q

natural

A

not modified in any way

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16
Q

semi-synthetic

A

natural and modified slightly

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17
Q

synthetic

A

not naturally occurring

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18
Q

antibiotic sources

A

bacteria and fungi (best are soil dwellers)

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19
Q

cell wall inhibitors (lytic)

A

penicillins and cephalosporins

20
Q

cell wall inhibitors come in….. forms

A

natural and semi-synthetic forms

21
Q

all cell wall inhibitors contain

A

Beta-lactam ring

22
Q

Natural penicillin works only against

A

gram +

23
Q

semisynthetic modifications

A
  • make it more resistant to acid breakdown
  • make it more stable
  • broaden activity spectrum
24
Q

protein synthesis inhibitors (static)

A

interfere with the ribosome/mRNA/tRNA complex

25
Q

plasma membrane damaging

A

-polymyxins and daptomycin

26
Q

polymyxisns

A

damage gram neg membranes

27
Q

daptomycin

A

depolarizes gram pos membranes

28
Q

polysporin

A

make a valuable topical antibiotic despite low usefulness as systemic drug

29
Q

nucleic acid synthesis inhibitors

A

rifamycin/rifampin and quinilones

30
Q

rifamucin

A
  • inhibits mRNA synthesis

- highly permeable into cells and through cell walls

31
Q

quinilones

A

inhibit DNA gyrase in DNA replication

-ciprofloxin is most well known

32
Q

metabolic inhibitors

A

sulfa drugs

  • synthetic
  • WWII soldiers spread on wounds to prevent gangrene
  • inhibits enzyme needed to generate folic acid
33
Q

folic acid

A

used to produce thymine and uracil

34
Q

humans are ________ to synthesize folic acid

A

unable

35
Q

sensitivity testing

A

-disk diffusion and epsilometer tests

36
Q

disk diffusion assays

A

determine what drugs are useful against bacteria

37
Q

epsilometer test (E test)

A

use a strip of antibiotic to determine a therapeutic dose

38
Q

MIC

A

minimal inhibitory concentration

39
Q

Misuse of antibiotics accelerate …

A

the development of resistance

40
Q

modes of resistance

A
  • drug modification/destruction
  • pathway protection
  • target alteration
  • rapid efflux
  • alternative pathways
41
Q

pathway protection

A

synthesis of false targets for tetracycline

42
Q

target alteration

A

single mutation in a ribosome to prevent binging

43
Q

rapid efflux

A

actively pumping out the antibiotic

44
Q

alternative pathways

A

folate scavenging against silva drugs

45
Q

T/F - Many species are naturally resistant, or less sensitive

A

TRUE

46
Q

What greatly decreases the chance of developing drug resistance?

A

using a combination of drugs, directly combating resistance, withholding newer antibiotics

BMSC 240 (19 decks)

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