Lecture 1 Pulm anatomy Flashcards
Right lung has ____ lobes, left lobe has ____ lobes. Which has the lingula?
3, 2;
left
What is the furthest part of the conducting zone of the respiratory tract? ie area just before start of respiratory zone
terminal bronchiole
function of URT (conducting zone): ____, ____, ____ air and vocalizes
warms, humidifies, filters
the respiratory zone consists of 3 parts:
respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, alveoli
2 types of cells associated with protection of the respiaratory zone:
alveolar MQs (dust cells) and type 2 pneumocytes (septal cells)
what is the name of the structure where the trachea birfurcates? where does this occur (ie vertebral level)
carina;
T4 (/T5)
_____ is the tendency to collapse airways on expiration
tracheomalacia
bronchial tree:
the right lung is split into ___ lobar bronchi. there are ____ segmental bronchi total on the right
the left lung is split into ____ lobar bronchi. there are _____ segmental bronchi
3, 10;
2, 9
which main stem bronchi is... wider ? more vertical ? longer ? more likely to aspirate in?
right, right, left;
RIGHT
in empheseyma, the alveolar ____ are destroyed. in pneumonia, the alveolar walls are ____ by ____
septa (walls);
thickened, edema
Pneumocytes:
which type is squamous and thin?
which type is cuboidal and clustered?
which is the most common? (97%)
type 1,
type 2,
type 1
pneumocytes:
which type performs gas exchange?
which type secretes surfactant?
type 1,
type 2
what does surfactant do?
it is made of ____ and ____. what ratio indicates maturity?
reduces surface tension, preventing collapse;
Lecithin (L), and sphingomyelin (S);
normal L:S ratio is > 2
2 disease that are due to cilia problems:
both cause ____ and _____
kartagener syndrome, young syndrome;
bronchiectasis, sinusitis
Of kartagener syndrome and young syndrome, which causes…
situs inversus?
obstructive azospermia?
inferitility?
kart, young, kart
kartagener syndrome is due to a defect in ____
dynein
normally, pleural fluid has a high concentration of what type of cells? what is absent, unless there is infection?
high MQs, PMNs are absent
what is the dual blood supply to the lungs?
bronchial (from aorta) and pulmonary arteries
pulm circulation:
it is a _____ pressure system. the right ventricle has a ____ muscle wall, and is (adaptable/not adaptable) to higher strain
low, thin, not adaptable
Pulm HTN is characterized by a mean pulmonary artery pressure greater than ____ at rest. Pulmonary Arterial HTN is characterized by that and also by a _____ less than 15 mm Hg
25 mm Hg;
Pulmonary Capillary Wedge Pressure (aka Left atrial pressure)
which of the 2 pleura is sensitive to pain temperature and touch?
the costal pleura/periphery of diaphragm is supplied by the ____ nerve, while the mediastinal pleura/central diaphragm is innervated by the ____ nerve. what is the visceral pleura innervated by?
parietal = sensitive;
intercostal, phrenic;
pulmonary plexus
tumor staging:
A. tumor on right with lymphatics on left involved = stage __
B. tumor on right lymph on right involved = stage ___
C. tumor on right with no lymph involved = stage ___
A = 3 B = 2 C = 1
float test:
if lungs from baby sink, the baby was born _____
if lungs from the baby float, the baby was born ____
stillborn,
alive
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