Lecture 1 - Anatomical Terminology

Question 1

Describe the anatomical position

Answer 1

• Body erect
• Feet slightly apart
• Palms facing forward
• Thumbs pointed away from the body

Question 2

Superior

Answer 2

• moving towards the head (Cranial/Rostral)

Question 3

Inferior

Answer 3

• moving towards the feet (Caudal - tail)

Question 4

Anterior

Answer 4

• pertaining to/ located toward the front (ventral) (stomach)

Question 5

Posterior

Answer 5

• pertaining to/ located toward the back (dorsal) (back)

Question 6

Median

Answer 6

• at the midline

Question 7

Lateral

Answer 7

• away from the midline

Question 8

Superficial

Answer 8

• moving outwards toward the surface (skin is superficial to muscle)

Question 9

Deep

Answer 9

• moving inwards from the surface

Question 10

Proximal

Answer 10

• close to, or toward the trunk

Question 11

Medial

Answer 11

• toward the midline (off midline but moving toward midline)

Question 12

Distal

Answer 12

• away from the trunk

Question 13

Limbs:

Answer 13

• Palmar
• Plantar
• Dorsal

Question 14

Palmar

Answer 14

• pertaining to the palm of the hand

Question 15

Plantar

Answer 15

• pertaining to the sole of the foot

Question 16

Dorsal

Answer 16

• pertaining to the back of the hand or foot

Question 17

Why do we flip what the dorsal position is from back of the hand to front of the foot?

Answer 17

b/c of how we develop in utero (rotate in final position of development)

Question 18

What are the planes of the body?

Answer 18

• Axial (Transverse)
• Coronal (Frontal)
• Sagittal

Question 19

Axial(Transverse)

Answer 19

– divides body into superior and inferior portions

Question 20

Coronal (Frontal)

Answer 20

• divides body into anterior and posterior halves

Question 21

Transverse Plane photo examples

Answer 21

• Abdominal MRI
• Arm MRI

Question 22

Sagittal

Answer 22

– divides body into right and left halves

Question 23

Coronal Plane photo examples

Answer 23

• Chest x-ray
• Arm MRI

Question 24

Sagittal plane photo examples

Answer 24

• Brain MRI

Question 25

Flexion/Extension body movements

Answer 25

This occurs in the sagittal plane (walking)
- legs, arms, elbow, knee, wrist, fingers, waist

Question 26

Abduction/Adduction body movements

Answer 26

– occurs in the coronal plane (jumping jacks)

(adding something to body - arms and legs)

Question 27

Medial (internal) rotation/ Lateral (external) rotation

Answer 27

– occurs in the transverse plane (clapping/ballet foot positions)

(medial - moving in; lateral - moving out)

(elbow, wrist, knee, ankle)

Question 28

Elevation/Depression body movements

Answer 28

elevation - shoulders up

depression - shoulders down

Question 29

Protrusion/Retrusion body movements

Answer 29

protrusion - jaw out

retrusion - retracting jaw in

Question 30

Inversion/Eversion body movements

Answer 30

inversion - moving in

eversion - moving out

(see this in ankles)

Question 31

Dorsiflexion/Plantarflexion body movements

Answer 31

dorsiflexion - dorsal side of foot (top of foot) pointing up

plantarflexion - plantar side of foot (back side) pointing down (ballet position)

Question 32

Pronation/Supination body movements

Answer 32

pronation - pour bowl of soup with hands

supination - hold bowl of soup with hands

(with wrist & palms)

Question 33

Circumduction body movements

Answer 33

360 degree rotation with arm, legs, & THUMB (perhaps more)