Lecture 1 - Anatomical Terminology Flashcards
Describe the anatomical position
- Body erect
- Feet slightly apart
- Palms facing forward
- Thumbs pointed away from the body
Superior
- moving towards the head (Cranial/Rostral)
Inferior
- moving towards the feet (Caudal - tail)
Anterior
- pertaining to/ located toward the front (ventral) (stomach)
Posterior
- pertaining to/ located toward the back (dorsal) (back)
Median
- at the midline
Lateral
- away from the midline
Superficial
- moving outwards toward the surface (skin is superficial to muscle)
Deep
- moving inwards from the surface
Proximal
- close to, or toward the trunk
Medial
- toward the midline (off midline but moving toward midline)
Distal
- away from the trunk
Limbs:
- Palmar
- Plantar
- Dorsal
Palmar
- pertaining to the palm of the hand
Plantar
- pertaining to the sole of the foot
Dorsal
- pertaining to the back of the hand or foot
Why do we flip what the dorsal position is from back of the hand to front of the foot?
b/c of how we develop in utero (rotate in final position of development)
What are the planes of the body?
- Axial (Transverse)
- Coronal (Frontal)
- Sagittal
Axial(Transverse)
– divides body into superior and inferior portions
Coronal (Frontal)
- divides body into anterior and posterior halves
Transverse Plane photo examples
- Abdominal MRI
- Arm MRI
Sagittal
– divides body into right and left halves
Coronal Plane photo examples
- Chest x-ray
- Arm MRI
Sagittal plane photo examples
- Brain MRI
Flexion/Extension body movements
This occurs in the sagittal plane (walking)
- legs, arms, elbow, knee, wrist, fingers, waist
Abduction/Adduction body movements
– occurs in the coronal plane (jumping jacks)
(adding something to body - arms and legs)
Medial (internal) rotation/ Lateral (external) rotation
– occurs in the transverse plane (clapping/ballet foot positions)
(medial - moving in; lateral - moving out)
(elbow, wrist, knee, ankle)
Elevation/Depression body movements
elevation - shoulders up
depression - shoulders down
Protrusion/Retrusion body movements
protrusion - jaw out
retrusion - retracting jaw in
Inversion/Eversion body movements
inversion - moving in
eversion - moving out
(see this in ankles)
Dorsiflexion/Plantarflexion body movements
dorsiflexion - dorsal side of foot (top of foot) pointing up
plantarflexion - plantar side of foot (back side) pointing down (ballet position)
Pronation/Supination body movements
pronation - pour bowl of soup with hands
supination - hold bowl of soup with hands
(with wrist & palms)
Circumduction body movements
360 degree rotation with arm, legs, & THUMB (perhaps more)
