Lab 3 - Musculoskeletal System Flashcards
Identify the following parts of a typical vertebra:
- Vertebral body – holds body weight, IV Disc
- Vertebral arch -
- Vertebral foramen – holds spinal cord. Lots in a row = spinal canal
- Pedicles – x2 (“foot”) directly attached to body
- Laminae – x2
- Transverse process – X2, sideways muscle attachment
- Spinous process – what you feel, muscle attachment
- Articular facets – Superior articular – process with facets: X2, joints, Inferior articular – process with facets: X2, joint
Identify examples of typical cervical, thoracic, lumbar, and sacral vertebrae.
How do the features of the vertebrae (body, spinous process, etc.) differ from region to region?
Slide 15 chart (MSK I)
Are there features that are unique to certain regions of the vertebrae?
Cervical:
- Bifid spine,
- Transverse foramen (vertebral artery)
- Atlas & axis
Thoracic:
- Areas on body & TP rib attachment (costal facets) (only vertebrae that touches ribs)
Lumbar:
- Largest body (b/c it’s where all our weight sits)
Which spinal region is primarily responsible for providing the range of motion required to perform each of the following actions? What movements are occurring? What joints are moving?
- Splitting firewood with an axe
lumbar region
Which spinal region is primarily responsible for providing the range of motion required to perform each of the following actions? What movements are occurring? What joints are moving?
- Throwing a Frisbee
thoracic region
Which spinal region is primarily responsible for providing the range of motion required to perform each of the following actions? What movements are occurring? What joints are moving?
- Bobbing your head in time with your favourite song
cervical region
Which back muscle(s) are active when a person bends forward at the waist? Are these muscles shortening or lengthening?
Erector spinae muscles; lengthening
Identify the following bones of the upper extremity. What are their distinguishing features?
- Clavicle
- aka the collar bone
- S shaped
- Holds upper limb in position
- Circular at sterno-clavicle joint (SC)
- Broad at acromi-clavicle joint (AC)
- Latin “little key”
- Scapula
- Aka the shoulder blade
- Very thin
- Humerus
- Long bone
- Head (ball) sits into the glenoid fossa (socket)
- Radius
- Small & part of elbow (along for the ride)
- Ulna
- Creates the elbow of your elbow
- Carpals (identify each individual bone) = wrist
- Metacarpals = hand
- Phalanges = fingers
Identify the following joints and describe the movements that occur at these joints:
- Glenohumeral joint
- Elbow joint
- 1st carpal-metacarpal joint (thumb)
- Glenohumeral joint – Flexion/Extension/Hyperextension, Lateral rotation/Medial rotation, Abduction/Adduction/Circumduction
- Elbow joint – Flexion/Extension
- 1st carpal-metacarpal joint (thumb) – Abduction, Flexion, Opposition
Identify the following muscles of the upper extremity and describe their actions:
- Back and Shoulder
a. Trapezius – shoulder retraction
b. Deltoid – GH Abduction
c. Latissimus dorsi – GH extension, int rot, Add
d. Rotator cuff (subscapularis (GH Abduction), infraspinatus (GH Ext rot), supraspinatus (GH Int rot), teres minor (GH Ext rot))
Identify the following muscles of the upper extremity and describe their actions:
- Pectoral Region
a. Pectoralis major – GH Flexion, int rot
Identify the following muscles of the upper extremity and describe their actions:
- Arm
a. Biceps brachii – GH flexion, elbow flexion, supination
b. Triceps – GH extension, ELBOW EXTENSION
Identify the following muscles of the upper extremity and describe their actions:
- Forearm
Anterior Compartment:
a. Pronator Teres – pronation
b. Flexor Carpi Radialis – Radial deviation (flexor compartment) ?
c. Palmaris Longus – Flexor compartment ?
d. Flexor Carpi Ulnaris – Ulnar deviation (flexor compartment) ?
e. Flexor Digitorum Superficialis – Flexor compartment
Brachioradialis (remember that it is not part of either compartment) ??
Posterior Compartment:
a. Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus – Radial deviation (extensor compartment) ?
b. Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis – Radial deviation (extensor compartment) ?
c. Extensor Digitorum – Extensor compartment ?
d. Extensior Carpi Ulnaris – Ulnar deviation (extensor compartment) ?
Identify the following muscles of the upper extremity and describe their actions:
- Hand
a. Thenar muscle group – Abduction, flexion, opposition of thumb
b. Hypothenar muscle group – Abduction, flexion & opposition of pinky
Identify the following bones of the lower extremity. What are their distinguishing features?
- Pelvis (ilium, ischium, and pubis) – 2 innominates (right & left, one innominate is made up from 3 fused bone (ilium, ishium, & pubis) ?
- Femur – strongest bone in the body (part of the largest joint), shape can vary
- Patella – a sesamoid bone (found inside the quad tendon)
- Tibia – considered the shin bone
- Fibula – the distal tibia & the fibula make up the “mortise of the ankle”
- Tarsals (identify the talus and calcaneus) – talus sits inside the tibia & fibula. ?
- Metatarsals - ?
- Phalanges - ?
Identify the following joints of lower extremity and describe the movements that occur at these joints:
- Hip joint – flexion/extension, abduction/adduction, external/internal rotation
- Knee joint – flexion/extension
- Ankle joint – plantarflexion/dorsiflexion, inversion/eversion
Identify the following muscles of the lower extremity and describe their actions:
- Gluteal region
a. Gluteus maximus – Hip extension & lateral rot
b. Gluteus medius – Hip abduction & med rot
c. Piriformis – Hip lateral rotation - Thigh
a. Iliopsoas – Hip flexion
b. Sartorius – Hip flexion, hip abduction, hip lateral rotation & knee flexion
c. Quadriceps (identify all 4 parts) – Knee extension?
d. Hamstrings (biceps femoris, semitendinosus, semimembranosus) – Hip extension & knee flexion
e. Adductor muscle group (groin muscles) – Hip adduction - Leg
Anterior Compartment:
a. Tibialis Anterior – Extensors/dorsiflexion
b. Extensor Hallucis Longus – Extensors/dorsiflexion
c. Extensor Digitorum Longus – Extensors/dosiflexionLateral Compartment: d. Peroneus Longus – Everters? e. Peroneus Brevis – Everters ?
Posterior Compartment:
f. Gastrocnemius – Flexors/plantarflexion (superficial)
g. Soleus – Flexors/plantarflexion (superficial)
h. Tibialis Posterior – Flexors/plantarflexion (deep)
i. Flexor Hallucis Longus – Flexors/plantarflexion (deep)
j. Flexor Digitorum Longus – Flexors/plantarflexion (deep)
