Lab 2 - Head & Neck Questions Flashcards
Identify the following bones that make up the face (viscerocranium).
- maxilla
- palatine
- zygomatic
- lacrimal
- nasal
- vomer
- inferior nasal concha
- mandible
Identify the following bones that make up the face (viscerocranium).
- maxilla
- palatine
- zygomatic
- lacrimal
- nasal
- vomer
- inferior nasal concha
- mandible
Which of these bones are paired?
6 Paired bones (n=12)
1. Nasal
2. Zygomatic
3. Lacrimal
4. Maxilla
5. Inferior conchae
6. Palatine
Identify the following paranasal sinuses:
- frontal sinus
- maxillary sinus
- sphenoid sinus
What part of the mandible forms the temporomandibular joint and what part of the skull does it articulate with?
mandibular fossa of the temporal bone come together to make the TMJ
Identify the following muscles of facial expression.
orbicularis oculi
closes the eyelids (protection, moistens eyes by spreading tears)
Identify the following muscles of facial expression.
orbicularis oris
closes oral fissure (compresses & protrudes lips (kissing), resists distention (when blowing))
Identify the following muscles of facial expression.
buccinator
compresses checks against teeth, works with tongue to keep food out of oral vestibule, resists distention when blowing; suckling
Identify the following muscles of facial expression.
frontalis
elevates eyebrows & wrinkles skin on forehead; protrudes scalp, expression: surprise/curiosity
What nerve innervates each of the muscles of facial expression?
ALL innervated by the Facial Nerve (CN VII) (exits via the STYLOMASTOID FORAMEN)
Identify the muscles of mastication.
temporalis
CLOSE mouth + REtrusion
Identify the muscles of mastication.
masseter
CLOSE mouth + PROtrusion
Identify the muscles of mastication.
lateral pterygoid
OPEN mouth + PROtrusion
Identify the muscles of mastication.
medial pterygoid
CLOSE mouth + PROtrusion
What nerve innervates the muscles of mastication?
ALL innervated by the MANDIBULAR BRANCH (CN V3) of the TRIGEMINAL NERVE
What structure passes through the stylomastoid foramen?
All innervated by the FACIAL NERVE (CN VII) (exits via the STYLOMASTOID FORAMEN)
How is sound transmitted from the external ear to the inner ear?
External Ear directs sounds down into the ear, vibrates with sound wave & transmits vibrations to ossicles in middle ear, pharyngotympanic tube connects the tympanic cavity with the nasopharynx
What is the function of the vestibular system?
Semilunar Canals – detects rotational movements of the head
Vestibule (Saccule and Utricle) – detects LINEAR ACCELERATIONS/DECCELERATION of the head (forward/backward & up/down)
What nerve innervates the vestibular system?
Both send information to the brain via the VESTIBULAR DIVISION of CN VIII ?
Identify the orbit and the following openings:
- optic canal
- superior orbital fissure
What structures pass through these openings?
optic canal – CN II, Ophthalmic A
superior orbital fissure – CN III, CN IV, CN V1, & CN VI, Superior & Inferior ophthalmic veins
Superior rectus
Innervation: Oculomotor N. (CN III), Primary Action: Elevates eye, Secondary Actions: Adducts & Intorts eye
Inferior rectus
Innervation: Oculomotor N. (CN III), Primary Action: Depresses eye, Secondary Actions: Adducts & Extorts eye
Superior oblique
Innervation: Trochlear N. (CN IV), Primary Action: Intorts eye, Secondary Actions: Abducts & depresses eye
Inferior oblique
Innervation: Oculomotor N. (CN III), Primary Action: Extorts eye, Secondary Action: abducts & elevates eye
Medial rectus
Innervation: Oculomotor N. (CN III), Action: Adducts eye
Lateral rectus
Innervation: Abducens N. (CN VI), Action: Abducts eye
How could you test the function of the individual extraocular muscles (and by extension, the nerves that innervate them)?
Have patient follow H-shaped pattern: allows for isolation of EOM & their nerves (isolates each muscle indepently to test them individually)
What is the function of the inferior nasal conchae?
*Independent bones – gives underlying structure
The superior and middle conchae are part of which bone?
Ethmoid Bone
Which structures drain into the spaces posterior to these bones?
Superior Nasal Meatus, Middle Nasal Meatus, Inferior Nasal Meatus
What is the space posterior to the nasal cavity called?
Nasopharynx
What is the space posterior to the oral cavity called?
Oralpharynx
Which muscle protrudes the tongue?
Genioglosus
If the palatine tonsils are absent in a specimen, what could be the reason for their absence?
Can be removed if too many infections or snoring
What structure encloses the internal jugular vein, common carotid artery, and vagus nerve?
Carotid Sheath
What structures do the internal and external carotid arteries supply (generally)?
Head & neck
What structures does the vagus nerve innervate?
Most organs in the thorax and abdomen (innervation of the larynx)?
Identify the anterior and middle scalene muscles. What structures are found between these muscles? What do these structures supply?
Brachial plexus, upper limb
What is the function of the arytenoid cartilages?
Phonation (hold onto the vocal cords) ?
Why is this important clinically of larynx? ?? Where can an incision be made for an emergency tracheostomy? ??
below cricothyroid ligament, below level of vocal volds
What is contained within the true vocal folds?
- Contains vocal ligament & vocalis muscle
- Intrinsic laryngeal muscles change position & tension of vocal folds to produce sounds (phonation)
