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Human Anatomy > Lab 2 - Head & Neck Questions > Flashcards

Lab 2 - Head & Neck Questions Flashcards

1
Q

Identify the following bones that make up the face (viscerocranium).

A
  • maxilla
  • palatine
  • zygomatic
  • lacrimal
  • nasal
  • vomer
  • inferior nasal concha
  • mandible
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2
Q

Identify the following bones that make up the face (viscerocranium).

  • maxilla
  • palatine
  • zygomatic
  • lacrimal
  • nasal
  • vomer
  • inferior nasal concha
  • mandible

Which of these bones are paired?

A

6 Paired bones (n=12)
1. Nasal
2. Zygomatic
3. Lacrimal
4. Maxilla
5. Inferior conchae
6. Palatine

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3
Q

Identify the following paranasal sinuses:

A
  • frontal sinus
  • maxillary sinus
  • sphenoid sinus
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4
Q

What part of the mandible forms the temporomandibular joint and what part of the skull does it articulate with?

A

mandibular fossa of the temporal bone come together to make the TMJ

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5
Q

Identify the following muscles of facial expression.

orbicularis oculi

A

closes the eyelids (protection, moistens eyes by spreading tears)

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6
Q

Identify the following muscles of facial expression.

orbicularis oris

A

closes oral fissure (compresses & protrudes lips (kissing), resists distention (when blowing))

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7
Q

Identify the following muscles of facial expression.

buccinator

A

compresses checks against teeth, works with tongue to keep food out of oral vestibule, resists distention when blowing; suckling

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8
Q

Identify the following muscles of facial expression.

frontalis

A

elevates eyebrows & wrinkles skin on forehead; protrudes scalp, expression: surprise/curiosity

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9
Q

What nerve innervates each of the muscles of facial expression?

A

ALL innervated by the Facial Nerve (CN VII) (exits via the STYLOMASTOID FORAMEN)

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10
Q

Identify the muscles of mastication.

temporalis

A

CLOSE mouth + REtrusion

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11
Q

Identify the muscles of mastication.

masseter

A

CLOSE mouth + PROtrusion

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12
Q

Identify the muscles of mastication.

lateral pterygoid

A

OPEN mouth + PROtrusion

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13
Q

Identify the muscles of mastication.

medial pterygoid

A

CLOSE mouth + PROtrusion

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14
Q

What nerve innervates the muscles of mastication?

A

ALL innervated by the MANDIBULAR BRANCH (CN V3) of the TRIGEMINAL NERVE

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15
Q

What structure passes through the stylomastoid foramen?

A

All innervated by the FACIAL NERVE (CN VII) (exits via the STYLOMASTOID FORAMEN)

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16
Q

How is sound transmitted from the external ear to the inner ear?

A

External Ear directs sounds down into the ear, vibrates with sound wave & transmits vibrations to ossicles in middle ear, pharyngotympanic tube connects the tympanic cavity with the nasopharynx

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17
Q

What is the function of the vestibular system?

A

Semilunar Canals – detects rotational movements of the head

Vestibule (Saccule and Utricle) – detects LINEAR ACCELERATIONS/DECCELERATION of the head (forward/backward & up/down)

18
Q

What nerve innervates the vestibular system?

A

Both send information to the brain via the VESTIBULAR DIVISION of CN VIII ?

19
Q

Identify the orbit and the following openings:

  • optic canal
  • superior orbital fissure

What structures pass through these openings?

A

optic canal – CN II, Ophthalmic A

superior orbital fissure – CN III, CN IV, CN V1, & CN VI, Superior & Inferior ophthalmic veins

20
Q

Superior rectus

A

Innervation: Oculomotor N. (CN III), Primary Action: Elevates eye, Secondary Actions: Adducts & Intorts eye

21
Q

Inferior rectus

A

Innervation: Oculomotor N. (CN III), Primary Action: Depresses eye, Secondary Actions: Adducts & Extorts eye

22
Q

Superior oblique

A

Innervation: Trochlear N. (CN IV), Primary Action: Intorts eye, Secondary Actions: Abducts & depresses eye

23
Q

Inferior oblique

A

Innervation: Oculomotor N. (CN III), Primary Action: Extorts eye, Secondary Action: abducts & elevates eye

24
Q

Medial rectus

A

Innervation: Oculomotor N. (CN III), Action: Adducts eye

25
Q

Lateral rectus

A

Innervation: Abducens N. (CN VI), Action: Abducts eye

26
Q

How could you test the function of the individual extraocular muscles (and by extension, the nerves that innervate them)?

A

Have patient follow H-shaped pattern: allows for isolation of EOM & their nerves (isolates each muscle indepently to test them individually)

27
Q

What is the function of the inferior nasal conchae?

A

*Independent bones – gives underlying structure

28
Q

The superior and middle conchae are part of which bone?

A

Ethmoid Bone

29
Q

Which structures drain into the spaces posterior to these bones?

A

Superior Nasal Meatus, Middle Nasal Meatus, Inferior Nasal Meatus

30
Q

What is the space posterior to the nasal cavity called?

A

Nasopharynx

31
Q

What is the space posterior to the oral cavity called?

A

Oralpharynx

32
Q

Which muscle protrudes the tongue?

A

Genioglosus

33
Q

If the palatine tonsils are absent in a specimen, what could be the reason for their absence?

A

Can be removed if too many infections or snoring

34
Q

What structure encloses the internal jugular vein, common carotid artery, and vagus nerve?

A

Carotid Sheath

35
Q

What structures do the internal and external carotid arteries supply (generally)?

A

Head & neck

36
Q

What structures does the vagus nerve innervate?

A

Most organs in the thorax and abdomen (innervation of the larynx)?

37
Q

Identify the anterior and middle scalene muscles. What structures are found between these muscles? What do these structures supply?

A

Brachial plexus, upper limb

38
Q

What is the function of the arytenoid cartilages?

A

Phonation (hold onto the vocal cords) ?

39
Q

Why is this important clinically of larynx? ?? Where can an incision be made for an emergency tracheostomy? ??

A

below cricothyroid ligament, below level of vocal volds

40
Q

What is contained within the true vocal folds?

A
  • Contains vocal ligament & vocalis muscle
  • Intrinsic laryngeal muscles change position & tension of vocal folds to produce sounds (phonation)

Human Anatomy (7 decks)

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