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Human Anatomy > Lab 4 - Thorax > Flashcards

Lab 4 - Thorax Flashcards

1
Q

Which ribs are true?

A

1-7

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2
Q

False?

A

8-10

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3
Q

Floating?

A

11,12

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4
Q

What determines these distinctions?

A

How/if they attach to the sternum

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5
Q

How are the ribs attached to the sternum and what are these joints called?

A

Via costal cartilages

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6
Q

What parts of the rib articulate with the thoracic vertebrae? What are these joints called?

A

Head (articulate with demifacets of vertebral bodies) & Tubercule (articulate with transverse process of vertebra)

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7
Q

What is found within the costal groove?

A

Intercostal neuromuscular bundle

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8
Q

Which structures pass through the thoracic inlet?

A
  • Closed off by diaphragm
  • Esophagus
  • Inferior vena cava
  • Aorta
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9
Q

Through the thoracic outlet?

A
  • Esophagus
  • Trachea
  • Vessels & nerves of head & neck
  • Vessels of upper limbs
  • Apex of lungs
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10
Q

What are the actions of these muscles on the ribs? Are they active during inspiration or expiration?

Diaphragm

A

Action: primary muscle of inspiration
Active during both

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11
Q

What are the actions of these muscles on the ribs? Are they active during inspiration or expiration?

  • External intercostals
A

Action: elevate ribs during FORCED INSPRATION

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12
Q

What are the actions of these muscles on the ribs? Are they active during inspiration or expiration?

  • Internal intercostals
A

Action: depress ribs during FORCED EXPIRATION

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13
Q

What are the actions of these muscles on the ribs? Are they active during inspiration or expiration?

  • Innermost intercostals
A

Action: depress ribs during FORCED EXPIRATION

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14
Q

What nerves innervate these muscles?

A

Phrenic nerves?

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15
Q

The intercostals and diagphragm are the obligatory (aka. essential) muscles of respiration. In our previous labs, we have seen several muscles that act as accessory muscles of respiration: sternocleidomastoid, pectoralis major, and the scalenes (anterior, middle, and posterior). Find these muscles again, and note their attachment to the ribs and sternum. How would these muscles affect respiration?

A

?

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16
Q

What are the pleural cavities lined with?

A

Serous epithelium with subepithelial connective tissue; 2 continuous parts: Parietal pleura, Visceral pleura

17
Q

Where is the costo-diaphragmatic recess and what is its significance?

A

Pleura cavity b/t pleural reflection & lung border

18
Q

Which bronchus is wider, shorter, and more vertical? Of what significance might this be?

A

Right primary bronchus (for the 3 lobes)

19
Q

What structures are found at the hilum of the lung?

A
  • Pulmonary arteries
  • Primary bronchi
  • Pulmonary veins
  • Bronchial arteries & veins
  • Lymph nodes & lymphatic vessels
  • Nerves
20
Q

What structure does the phrenic nerve innervate?

A

Diaphragm

21
Q

What structures does the vagus nerve innervate in the thorax?

A

Parasympthatic to autonomic nerve plexuses (cardiac, pulmonary, esophageal) ?

22
Q

There are 3 openings in the diaphragm. What structures pass through these openings?

A
  • Caval opening for inferior vena cava
  • Esophageal hiatus for esophagus
  • Aortic hiatus for aorta
23
Q

Which layer is attached to the diaphragm?

A

Fibrous pericardium ?

24
Q

What is found between the two layers of serous pericardium?

A

Pericardial cavity

25
Q

What clinical condition can occur if there is a build-up of this substance within the pericardial sac?

A

Cardiac tamponade ?

26
Q

Right atrium:

A

Identify the pectinate muscles, the openings of the superior and inferior venae cavae, the coronary sinus, and the atrioventricular orifice.

27
Q

Right ventricle:

A

Identify the trabeculae carnae, the moderator band, the tricuspid valve, chordae tendinae, papillary muscles, and the pulmonary valve.

28
Q

Left atrium: (note its smooth interior surface).

A

Identify the openings of the four pulmonary veins and the atrioventricular orifice.

29
Q

Left ventricle:

A

Identify the trabeculae carnae, the mitral valve, anterior and posterior papillary muscles, chordae tendinae, and the aortic valve.

30
Q

Which ventricular wall is thicker? Why?

A

LV

Has membranous and muscular part because pumps blood (main powerhouse) ?

31
Q

How do the cuspid valves prevent regurgitation of blood into the atria?

A

When the ventricle contracts, the pressure of the blood drives the AV valve cusps upward until their edges meet, closing the AV orifice
* Papillary muscles also contract & pull the chordae tendineae taut
* This prevents the valve cusps from being pushed into the atrium
* If the AV valves or chordae tendineae are damaged, blood may regurgitate into the atria

32
Q

How do the semi-lunar valves work?

A

Allow ejection of blood from ventricles into arteries but prevent back flow of blood
* When the ventricle contracts, blood pressure pushes open the semilunar valve
* When the ventricles relaxes, blood is pushed back towards the ventricle & fill the sinuses behind semilunar cusps
o Free edges of cusps are pushed together, nodules seal the center, closing the opening

33
Q

What are the branches of the brachiocephalic trunk? What do they supply?

A

Left Subclavian a. and Right Subclavian a. ?

?

34
Q

Find the left and right brachiocephalic veins. What structure do they form when they merge in the superior mediastinum?

A

SVC

35
Q

Right coronary artery

major branches

A

right marginal artery and posterior interventricular artery.

36
Q

Left coronary artery

major branches

A

anterior interventricular artery and circumflex artery.

37
Q

Which regions of the heart do these arterial branches supply?

A

?

38
Q

Where does the coronary sinus terminate? ??

A

?

Human Anatomy (7 decks)

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