Lab 3 - Musculoskeletal System

Question 1

How do the features of the vertebrae (body, spinous process, etc.) differ from region to region?

Answer 1

Slide 15 chart (MSK I)

Question 2

Are there features that are unique to certain regions?

Answer 2

Cervical:
- Bifid spine,
- Transverse foramen (vertebral artery)
- Atlas & axis

Thoracic:
- Areas on body & TP rib attachment (costal facets) (only vertebrae that touches ribs)

Lumbar:
- Largest body (b/c it’s where all our weight sits)

Question 3

Which spinal region is primarily responsible for providing the range of motion required to perform each of the following actions? What movements are occurring? What joints are moving?

• Splitting firewood with an axe

Answer 3

lumbar region

Question 4

Which spinal region is primarily responsible for providing the range of motion required to perform each of the following actions? What movements are occurring? What joints are moving?

• Throwing a Frisbee

Answer 4

thoracic region

Question 5

Which spinal region is primarily responsible for providing the range of motion required to perform each of the following actions? What movements are occurring? What joints are moving?

• Bobbing your head in time with your favourite song

Answer 5

cervical region

Question 6

Which back muscle(s) are active when a person bends forward at the waist? Are these muscles shortening or lengthening?

Answer 6

Erector spinae muscles; lengthening

Question 7

What are their distinguishing features?

• Clavicle

Answer 7

• aka the collar bone
• S shaped
• Holds upper limb in position
• Circular at sterno-clavicle joint (SC)
• Broad at acromi-clavicle joint (AC)
• Latin “little key”

Question 8

What are their distinguishing features?

• Scapula

Answer 8

• Aka the shoulder blade
• Very thin

Question 9

What are their distinguishing features?

• Humerus

Answer 9

• Long bone
• Head (ball) sits into the glenoid fossa (socket)

Question 10

What are their distinguishing features?

• Radius

Answer 10

• Small & part of elbow (along for the ride)

Question 11

What are their distinguishing features?

• Ulna

Answer 11

• Creates the elbow of your elbow

Question 12

What are their distinguishing features?

• Carpals (identify each individual bone)

Answer 12

= wrist

Question 13

What are their distinguishing features?

• Metacarpals

Answer 13

= hand

Question 14

What are their distinguishing features?

• Phalanges

Answer 14

= fingers

Question 15

Identify the following joints and describe the movements that occur at these joints:

• Glenohumeral joint

Answer 15

Flexion/Extension/Hyperextension, Lateral rotation/Medial rotation, Abduction/Adduction/Circumduction

Question 16

Identify the following joints and describe the movements that occur at these joints:

• Elbow joint

Answer 16

Flexion/Extension

Question 17

Identify the following joints and describe the movements that occur at these joints:

• 1st carpal-metacarpal joint (thumb)

Answer 17

Abduction, Flexion, Opposition

Question 18

• Back and Shoulder

a. Trapezius
b. Deltoid
c. Latissimus dorsi
d. Rotator cuff (subscapularis (_________), infraspinatus (_________), supraspinatus (_________), teres minor (_______)

Answer 18

a. Trapezius – shoulder retraction
b. Deltoid – GH Abduction
c. Latissimus dorsi – GH extension, int rot, Add
d. Rotator cuff (subscapularis (GH Abduction), infraspinatus (GH Ext rot), supraspinatus (GH Int rot), teres minor (GH Ext rot))

Question 19

• Pectoral Region
  a. Pectoralis major

Answer 19

GH Flexion, int rot

Question 20

• Arm
  a. Biceps brachii
  b. Triceps

Answer 20

a. Biceps brachii – GH flexion, elbow flexion, supination
b. Triceps – GH extension, ELBOW EXTENSION

Question 21

• Forearm

Anterior Compartment:

a. Pronator Teres
b. Flexor Carpi Radialis
c. Palmaris Longus
d. Flexor Carpi Ulnaris
e. Flexor Digitorum Superficialis

Answer 21

a. Pronator Teres – pronation
b. Flexor Carpi Radialis – Radial deviation (flexor compartment) ?
c. Palmaris Longus – Flexor compartment ?
d. Flexor Carpi Ulnaris – Ulnar deviation (flexor compartment) ?
e. Flexor Digitorum Superficialis – Flexor compartment

Question 22

Brachioradialis

(remember that it is not part of either compartment)

Answer 22

??

Question 23

Posterior Compartment:
a. Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus
b. Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis
c. Extensor Digitorum
d. Extensior Carpi Ulnaris

Answer 23

a. Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus – Radial deviation (extensor compartment) ?
b. Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis – Radial deviation (extensor compartment) ?
c. Extensor Digitorum – Extensor compartment ?
d. Extensior Carpi Ulnaris – Ulnar deviation (extensor compartment) ?

Question 24

• Hand

a. Thenar muscle group
b. Hypothenar muscle group

Answer 24

a. Thenar muscle group – Abduction, flexion, opposition of thumb
b. Hypothenar muscle group – Abduction, flexion & opposition of pinky

Question 25

1. Identify the following bones of the lower extremity. What are their distinguishing features? * Pelvis (ilium, ischium, and pubis) * Femur * Patella * Tibia * Fibula * Tarsals (identify the talus and calcaneus) * Metatarsals * Phalanges

Answer 25

* Pelvis (ilium, ischium, and pubis) – 2 innominates (right & left, one innominate is made up from 3 fused bone (ilium, ishium, & pubis) ? * Femur – strongest bone in the body (part of the largest joint), shape can vary * Patella – a sesamoid bone (found inside the quad tendon) * Tibia – considered the shin bone * Fibula – the distal tibia & the fibula make up the “mortise of the ankle” * Tarsals (identify the talus and calcaneus) – talus sits inside the tibia & fibula. ? * Metatarsals - ? * Phalanges - ?

Question 26

Identify the following joints and describe the movements that occur at these joints: * Hip joint * Knee joint * Ankle joint

Answer 26

* Hip joint – flexion/extension, abduction/adduction, external/internal rotation * Knee joint – flexion/extension * Ankle joint – plantarflexion/dorsiflexion, inversion/eversion

Question 27

Identify the following muscles of the lower extremity and describe their actions: * Gluteal region a. Gluteus maximus b. Gluteus medius c. Piriformis

Answer 27

a. Gluteus maximus – Hip extension & lateral rot b. Gluteus medius – Hip abduction & med rot c. Piriformis – Hip lateral rotation

Question 28

Identify the following muscles of the lower extremity and describe their actions: * Thigh a. Iliopsoas b. Sartorius c. Quadriceps (identify all 4 parts) d. Hamstrings (biceps femoris, semitendinosus, semimembranosus) e. Adductor muscle group (groin muscles)

Answer 28

a. Iliopsoas – Hip flexion b. Sartorius – Hip flexion, hip abduction, hip lateral rotation & knee flexion c. Quadriceps (identify all 4 parts) – Knee extension? d. Hamstrings (biceps femoris, semitendinosus, semimembranosus) – Hip extension & knee flexion e. Adductor muscle group

Question 29

Identify the following muscles of the lower extremity and describe their actions: * Leg Anterior Compartment: a. Tibialis Anterior b. Extensor Hallucis Longus c. Extensor Digitorum Longus

Answer 29

a. Tibialis Anterior – Extensors/dorsiflexion b. Extensor Hallucis Longus – Extensors/dorsiflexion c. Extensor Digitorum Longus – Extensors/dosiflexion

Question 30

Identify the following muscles of the lower extremity and describe their actions: Lateral Compartment: d. Peroneus Longus e. Peroneus Brevis

Answer 30

d. Peroneus Longus – Everters? e. Peroneus Brevis – Everters ?

Question 31

Identify the following muscles of the lower extremity and describe their actions: f. Gastrocnemius g. Soleus h. Tibialis Posterior i. Flexor Hallucis Longus j. Flexor Digitorum Longus

Answer 31

f. Gastrocnemius – Flexors/plantarflexion (superficial) g. Soleus – Flexors/plantarflexion (superficial) h. Tibialis Posterior – Flexors/plantarflexion (deep) i. Flexor Hallucis Longus – Flexors/plantarflexion (deep) j. Flexor Digitorum Longus – Flexors/plantarflexion (deep)