Lab 3 - Musculoskeletal System Flashcards
How do the features of the vertebrae (body, spinous process, etc.) differ from region to region?
Slide 15 chart (MSK I)
Are there features that are unique to certain regions?
Cervical:
- Bifid spine,
- Transverse foramen (vertebral artery)
- Atlas & axis
Thoracic:
- Areas on body & TP rib attachment (costal facets) (only vertebrae that touches ribs)
Lumbar:
- Largest body (b/c it’s where all our weight sits)
Which spinal region is primarily responsible for providing the range of motion required to perform each of the following actions? What movements are occurring? What joints are moving?
- Splitting firewood with an axe
lumbar region
Which spinal region is primarily responsible for providing the range of motion required to perform each of the following actions? What movements are occurring? What joints are moving?
- Throwing a Frisbee
thoracic region
Which spinal region is primarily responsible for providing the range of motion required to perform each of the following actions? What movements are occurring? What joints are moving?
- Bobbing your head in time with your favourite song
cervical region
Which back muscle(s) are active when a person bends forward at the waist? Are these muscles shortening or lengthening?
Erector spinae muscles; lengthening
What are their distinguishing features?
- Clavicle
- aka the collar bone
- S shaped
- Holds upper limb in position
- Circular at sterno-clavicle joint (SC)
- Broad at acromi-clavicle joint (AC)
- Latin “little key”
What are their distinguishing features?
- Scapula
- Aka the shoulder blade
- Very thin
What are their distinguishing features?
- Humerus
- Long bone
- Head (ball) sits into the glenoid fossa (socket)
What are their distinguishing features?
- Radius
- Small & part of elbow (along for the ride)
What are their distinguishing features?
- Ulna
- Creates the elbow of your elbow
What are their distinguishing features?
- Carpals (identify each individual bone)
= wrist
What are their distinguishing features?
- Metacarpals
= hand
What are their distinguishing features?
- Phalanges
= fingers
Identify the following joints and describe the movements that occur at these joints:
- Glenohumeral joint
Flexion/Extension/Hyperextension, Lateral rotation/Medial rotation, Abduction/Adduction/Circumduction
Identify the following joints and describe the movements that occur at these joints:
- Elbow joint
Flexion/Extension
Identify the following joints and describe the movements that occur at these joints:
- 1st carpal-metacarpal joint (thumb)
Abduction, Flexion, Opposition
- Back and Shoulder
a. Trapezius
b. Deltoid
c. Latissimus dorsi
d. Rotator cuff (subscapularis (_________), infraspinatus (_________), supraspinatus (_________), teres minor (_______)
a. Trapezius – shoulder retraction
b. Deltoid – GH Abduction
c. Latissimus dorsi – GH extension, int rot, Add
d. Rotator cuff (subscapularis (GH Abduction), infraspinatus (GH Ext rot), supraspinatus (GH Int rot), teres minor (GH Ext rot))
- Pectoral Region
a. Pectoralis major
GH Flexion, int rot
- Arm
a. Biceps brachii
b. Triceps
a. Biceps brachii – GH flexion, elbow flexion, supination
b. Triceps – GH extension, ELBOW EXTENSION
- Forearm
Anterior Compartment:
a. Pronator Teres
b. Flexor Carpi Radialis
c. Palmaris Longus
d. Flexor Carpi Ulnaris
e. Flexor Digitorum Superficialis
a. Pronator Teres – pronation
b. Flexor Carpi Radialis – Radial deviation (flexor compartment) ?
c. Palmaris Longus – Flexor compartment ?
d. Flexor Carpi Ulnaris – Ulnar deviation (flexor compartment) ?
e. Flexor Digitorum Superficialis – Flexor compartment
Brachioradialis
(remember that it is not part of either compartment)
??
Posterior Compartment:
a. Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus
b. Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis
c. Extensor Digitorum
d. Extensior Carpi Ulnaris
a. Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus – Radial deviation (extensor compartment) ?
b. Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis – Radial deviation (extensor compartment) ?
c. Extensor Digitorum – Extensor compartment ?
d. Extensior Carpi Ulnaris – Ulnar deviation (extensor compartment) ?
- Hand
a. Thenar muscle group
b. Hypothenar muscle group
a. Thenar muscle group – Abduction, flexion, opposition of thumb
b. Hypothenar muscle group – Abduction, flexion & opposition of pinky
- Identify the following bones of the lower extremity. What are their distinguishing features?
- Pelvis (ilium, ischium, and pubis)
- Femur
- Patella
- Tibia
- Fibula
- Tarsals (identify the talus and calcaneus)
- Metatarsals
- Phalanges
- Pelvis (ilium, ischium, and pubis) – 2 innominates (right & left, one innominate is made up from 3 fused bone (ilium, ishium, & pubis) ?
- Femur – strongest bone in the body (part of the largest joint), shape can vary
- Patella – a sesamoid bone (found inside the quad tendon)
- Tibia – considered the shin bone
- Fibula – the distal tibia & the fibula make up the “mortise of the ankle”
- Tarsals (identify the talus and calcaneus) – talus sits inside the tibia & fibula. ?
- Metatarsals - ?
- Phalanges - ?
Identify the following joints and describe the movements that occur at these joints:
- Hip joint
- Knee joint
- Ankle joint
- Hip joint – flexion/extension, abduction/adduction, external/internal rotation
- Knee joint – flexion/extension
- Ankle joint – plantarflexion/dorsiflexion, inversion/eversion
Identify the following muscles of the lower extremity and describe their actions:
- Gluteal region
a. Gluteus maximus
b. Gluteus medius
c. Piriformis
a. Gluteus maximus – Hip extension & lateral rot
b. Gluteus medius – Hip abduction & med rot
c. Piriformis – Hip lateral rotation
Identify the following muscles of the lower extremity and describe their actions:
- Thigh
a. Iliopsoas
b. Sartorius
c. Quadriceps (identify all 4 parts)
d. Hamstrings (biceps femoris, semitendinosus, semimembranosus)
e. Adductor muscle group (groin muscles)
a. Iliopsoas – Hip flexion
b. Sartorius – Hip flexion, hip abduction, hip lateral rotation & knee flexion
c. Quadriceps (identify all 4 parts) – Knee extension?
d. Hamstrings (biceps femoris, semitendinosus, semimembranosus) – Hip extension & knee flexion
e. Adductor muscle group
Identify the following muscles of the lower extremity and describe their actions:
- Leg
Anterior Compartment:
a. Tibialis Anterior
b. Extensor Hallucis Longus
c. Extensor Digitorum Longus
a. Tibialis Anterior – Extensors/dorsiflexion
b. Extensor Hallucis Longus – Extensors/dorsiflexion
c. Extensor Digitorum Longus – Extensors/dosiflexion
Identify the following muscles of the lower extremity and describe their actions:
Lateral Compartment:
d. Peroneus Longus
e. Peroneus Brevis
d. Peroneus Longus – Everters?
e. Peroneus Brevis – Everters ?
Identify the following muscles of the lower extremity and describe their actions:
f. Gastrocnemius
g. Soleus
h. Tibialis Posterior
i. Flexor Hallucis Longus
j. Flexor Digitorum Longus
f. Gastrocnemius – Flexors/plantarflexion (superficial)
g. Soleus – Flexors/plantarflexion (superficial)
h. Tibialis Posterior – Flexors/plantarflexion (deep)
i. Flexor Hallucis Longus – Flexors/plantarflexion (deep)
j. Flexor Digitorum Longus – Flexors/plantarflexion (deep)
