Lab 5 - Abdomen Flashcards
What organs are found in the different quadrants and regions?
intestines
What ligaments hold the liver in place?
What are these ligaments made of?
Coronary Ligament, Falciform Ligament, Round Ligament of the Liver (Ligament of Teres Hepatis; obliterated umbilical vein)
Double layer of peritoneum (mesentery?)
What structures are found at the porta hepatis?
Bile duct, Portal Vein, Proper Hepatic Artery
Which ducts carry bile from the liver to the small intestine?
Common Bile duct
Which duct would have to be cut to remove the gall bladder?
Cystic duct
What structure controls the release of chyme into the small intestine?
Pylorus ?
What organ is found immediately posterior to the stomach?
Pancreas?
If gas accumulates in the stomach, in which region would it be found?
?
How does its location make the spleen vulnerable to injury?
Lies in the upper left abd quadrant, protected by the 9th-12th ribs. Can be punctured from fractured ribs; rupture of thin capsule due to increase in intra-abd pressure (most injured organ in abd)
Which component of the small intestine is the shortest?
Duodenum ?
Where does the pancreatic duct terminate?
At the duodenum ?
What structure attaches the small intestine to the posterior abdominal wall?
Mesentery ?
What are the distinguishing features of the jejunum and ileum?
Jejunum:
Mesentery: Thin (relative)
Arcades: Few & large
Vasa recta: Long
Plicae circulares: Dense (for absorption)
Ileum:
Mesentery: Thick
Arcades: Many & short
Vasa recta: Short
Plicae circulares: Sparse
What 3 anatomical features distinguish the large intestine from the small intestine?
?
Where is the appendix found?
Right Lower Quadrant
Which part of the large intestine is the largest and most mobile?
Transverse Colon
What are the 3 major branches of the celiac trunk?
Left Gastric a., Splenic a., Common Hepatic a.
What structures does the superior mesentaric a. it supply?
?
What structures does the inferior mesentaric a. supply?
Duodenum, Pancreas ?, Jejunum & Ileum ?
What veins join to form the portal vein?
Splenic & Superior Mesenteric Veins ?
What organs are drained by the portal venous system?
Gallbladder, Spleen, Pancreas, Stomach, & Small & Large Intestines ?
Identify the veins that correspond to the arteries mentioned above. Do these veins drain into the systemic circulation or the portal venous system?
?
What ligament attaches to the anterior superior iliac spine and pubic tubercle?
Inguinal Ligament
External oblique
▪ Actions:
flexion & rotation of trunk, compression of viscera
Internal oblique
▪ Actions:
flexion & rotation of trunk, compression of viscera
Transversus abdominis
▪ Actions:
compression of viscera only!
Rectus abdominis
▪ Actions:
flexion of trunk, compression of viscera
What nerves innervate the muscles of the anterolateral abd wall?
Thoracoabdominal nerves (T7-11), subcostal (T12), & L1 nerves
What structures form the rectus sheath?
?
Which arteries supply the rectus abdominis?
Superior/Inferior Epigastric arteries (run posterior to it)
What structures form the roof, floor, and anterior and posterior walls of the inguinal canal?
Anterior Wall –> EO aponeurosis
Posterior Wall –> Mostly transveralis fascia
Roof –> Inferior border of IO & TA muscles
Floor –> Mainly inguinal ligament
What are the contents of the inguinal canal in males?
Females?
Ilioinguinal Nerve & Spermatic Cord
Ilioinguinal Nerve & Round Ligament of the Uterus
What is the difference between a direct inguinal hernia and an indirect inguinal hernia?
Direct Inguinal Hernia: intestines pass MEDIAL to inferior epigastric vessels, Indirect Inguinal Hernia: intestines pass LATERAL to inferior epigastric vessels
What is the landmark that can be used to differentiate between the two types of hernias?
The Inferior epigastric vessels
Identify the paired muscles that form the posterior abdominal wall.
- psoas major (look for iliacus too)
▪ Actions:
powers hip flexion & can also flex the trunk laterally
Identify the paired muscles that form the posterior abdominal wall.
quadratus lumborum
▪ Actions:
powers lateral flexion of the lumbar spine, stabilizes the 12th rib against the action of the diaphragm during inspiration
