Lab 5 - Abdomen

Question 1

What organs are found in the different quadrants and regions?

Answer 1

intestines

Question 2

What ligaments hold the liver in place?

What are these ligaments made of?

Answer 2

Coronary Ligament, Falciform Ligament, Round Ligament of the Liver (Ligament of Teres Hepatis; obliterated umbilical vein)

Double layer of peritoneum (mesentery?)

Question 3

What structures are found at the porta hepatis?

Answer 3

Bile duct, Portal Vein, Proper Hepatic Artery

Question 4

Which ducts carry bile from the liver to the small intestine?

Answer 4

Common Bile duct

Question 5

Which duct would have to be cut to remove the gall bladder?

Answer 5

Cystic duct

Question 6

What structure controls the release of chyme into the small intestine?

Answer 6

Pylorus ?

Question 7

What organ is found immediately posterior to the stomach?

Answer 7

Pancreas?

Question 8

If gas accumulates in the stomach, in which region would it be found?

Answer 8

?

Question 9

How does its location make the spleen vulnerable to injury?

Answer 9

Lies in the upper left abd quadrant, protected by the 9th-12th ribs. Can be punctured from fractured ribs; rupture of thin capsule due to increase in intra-abd pressure (most injured organ in abd)

Question 10

Which component of the small intestine is the shortest?

Answer 10

Duodenum ?

Question 11

Where does the pancreatic duct terminate?

Answer 11

At the duodenum ?

Question 12

What structure attaches the small intestine to the posterior abdominal wall?

Answer 12

Mesentery ?

Question 13

What are the distinguishing features of the jejunum and ileum?

Answer 13

Jejunum:
Mesentery: Thin (relative)
Arcades: Few & large
Vasa recta: Long
Plicae circulares: Dense (for absorption)

Ileum:
Mesentery: Thick
Arcades: Many & short
Vasa recta: Short
Plicae circulares: Sparse

Question 14

What 3 anatomical features distinguish the large intestine from the small intestine?

Answer 14

?

Question 15

Where is the appendix found?

Answer 15

Right Lower Quadrant

Question 16

Which part of the large intestine is the largest and most mobile?

Answer 16

Transverse Colon

Question 17

What are the 3 major branches of the celiac trunk?

Answer 17

Left Gastric a., Splenic a., Common Hepatic a.

Question 18

What structures does the superior mesentaric a. it supply?

Answer 18

?

Question 19

What structures does the inferior mesentaric a. supply?

Answer 19

Duodenum, Pancreas ?, Jejunum & Ileum ?

Question 20

What veins join to form the portal vein?

Answer 20

Splenic & Superior Mesenteric Veins ?

Question 21

What organs are drained by the portal venous system?

Answer 21

Gallbladder, Spleen, Pancreas, Stomach, & Small & Large Intestines ?

Question 22

Identify the veins that correspond to the arteries mentioned above. Do these veins drain into the systemic circulation or the portal venous system?

Answer 22

?

Question 23

What ligament attaches to the anterior superior iliac spine and pubic tubercle?

Answer 23

Inguinal Ligament

Question 24

External oblique
▪ Actions:

Answer 24

flexion & rotation of trunk, compression of viscera

Question 25

Internal oblique ▪ Actions:

Answer 25

flexion & rotation of trunk, compression of viscera

Question 26

Transversus abdominis ▪ Actions:

Answer 26

compression of viscera only!

Question 27

Rectus abdominis ▪ Actions:

Answer 27

flexion of trunk, compression of viscera

Question 28

What nerves innervate the muscles of the anterolateral abd wall?

Answer 28

Thoracoabdominal nerves (T7-11), subcostal (T12), & L1 nerves

Question 29

What structures form the rectus sheath?

Answer 29

?

Question 30

Which arteries supply the rectus abdominis?

Answer 30

Superior/Inferior Epigastric arteries (run posterior to it)

Question 31

What structures form the roof, floor, and anterior and posterior walls of the inguinal canal?

Answer 31

Anterior Wall --> EO aponeurosis Posterior Wall --> Mostly transveralis fascia Roof --> Inferior border of IO & TA muscles Floor --> Mainly inguinal ligament

Question 32

What are the contents of the inguinal canal in males? Females?

Answer 32

Ilioinguinal Nerve & Spermatic Cord Ilioinguinal Nerve & Round Ligament of the Uterus

Question 33

What is the difference between a direct inguinal hernia and an indirect inguinal hernia?

Answer 33

Direct Inguinal Hernia: intestines pass MEDIAL to inferior epigastric vessels, Indirect Inguinal Hernia: intestines pass LATERAL to inferior epigastric vessels

Question 34

What is the landmark that can be used to differentiate between the two types of hernias?

Answer 34

The Inferior epigastric vessels

Question 35

Identify the paired muscles that form the posterior abdominal wall. * psoas major (look for iliacus too) ▪ Actions:

Answer 35

powers hip flexion & can also flex the trunk laterally

Question 36

Identify the paired muscles that form the posterior abdominal wall. quadratus lumborum ▪ Actions:

Answer 36

powers lateral flexion of the lumbar spine, stabilizes the 12th rib against the action of the diaphragm during inspiration