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Human Anatomy > Lab 1 - Nervous System Questions > Flashcards

Lab 1 - Nervous System Questions Flashcards

1
Q

Identify the 8 bones of the cranial cavity that enclose the brain (frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital, ethmoid, and sphenoid).

Which of these bones are paired?

A

Parietal & temporal

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2
Q

Identify the 8 bones of the cranial cavity that enclose the brain (frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital, ethmoid, and sphenoid).

Identify the area where the skull is the thinnest. What is this area called?

A

Pterion

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3
Q

Identify the 8 bones of the cranial cavity that enclose the brain (frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital, ethmoid, and sphenoid).

Which blood vessel travels beneath this area?

A

Middle meningeal artery, which lies right underneath the pterion

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4
Q

Identify the 8 bones of the cranial cavity that enclose the brain (frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital, ethmoid, and sphenoid).

What is the clinical significance of this area; Pterion?

A

Supplies the dura mater

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5
Q

When viewing the interior of the skull (inferior surface), identify the 3 cranial fossae (i.e., Anterior, Middle and Posterior).

What parts of the brain occupy each of the cranial fossae?

A

Anterior = frontal lobe

Middle = temporal

Posterior = cerebellum

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6
Q

i. Superior sagittal sinus
ii. Transverse sinus
iii. Sigmoid sinus

Trace the flow of venous blood within these sinuses.

A

Superficial veins drain into the superior sagittal sinus

Inferior sagittal sinus & deep veins drain into the straight sinus

Blood then flows from these sinuses into the confluence of sinuses & follows this direction: confluence –> transverse –> sigmoid –> internal jugular

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7
Q

Into what vessel does the sigmoid sinus drain? Find the opening for this vessel in the skull.

A

Joins with the inferior petrosal to drain into the internal jugular vein

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8
Q

In what meningeal space are the superficial arteries/veins of the brain located?

A

Subarachnoid space

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9
Q

Is there a natural cranial epidural space? Is there a natural spinal epidural space?

A

Under pathological conditions meningeal layers may separate to form an epidural space (b/t dura & skull) or a subdural space (b/t arachnoid & dura

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10
Q

What are the functions of the dural septae?

A

Infoldings; form separate compartments within the skull

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11
Q

What vein do the dural venous sinuses ultimately drain into?

A

Internal jugular veins ?

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12
Q

What cortical areas are supplied by the middle and anterior cerebral arteries?

A

The MIDDLE cerebral arteries supply most of the lateral surface of the CEREBRAL HEMISPHERES, as well as subcortical areas (supply a large portion of the motor & pre-motor areas in the FRONTAL lobe, supply a large area in the PARIETAL lobe, supply the superior surface & anterior pole of the TEMPORAL lobe).

The ANTERIOR cerebral arteries supply the medial & superior surfaces of the FRONTAL & PARIETAL lobe.

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13
Q

What cortical areas are supplied by the posterior cerebral artery?

A

Supply the MIDBRAIN, OCCIPITAL lobe & inferior surface of the TEMPORAL lobe.

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14
Q

What artery is formed at the termination of the basilar artery?

A

Vertebral artery

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15
Q

Which vessels form the Circle of Willis?

A

Anterior cerebral arteries, anterior communicating artery, internal carotid arteries, posterior communicating arteries, posterior cerebral arteries

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16
Q

What is the clinical significance of this arterial circle?

A

Acts as a backup system for cerebral blood flow

17
Q

What separates the cerebral hemispheres from one another?

A

Longitudinal cerebral fissure

18
Q

What sensory cortex is found above and below the calcarine sulcus?

A

Primary visual cortex

19
Q

Which is the largest lobe?

A

Frontal

20
Q

Which cortical area controls abstract thinking, decision making, and appropriate social behavior?

A

Frontal

21
Q

Which cranial nerves do not arise from the brainstem?

A

I & II

22
Q

Which cranial nerves carry only sensory fibres? Only motor fibres?

A

Sensory = olfactory (I), optic (II), vertibulocochlear (VIII)

motor = oculomotor (III), trochlear (IV), abducens (VI), accessory (XI), hypoglossal (XII)

23
Q

Which cranial nerves carry parasympathetic fibres? What do they innervate?

A

Oculomotor (III), facial (VII), glossopharyngeal (IX), vagus (X) ?

24
Q

How is cerebrospinal fluid removed from the subarachnoid space?

A

Spinal tap

25
Q

What is hydrocephalus?

A

When fluid builds up in the lateral ventricle causing pressure

26
Q

What passes through the intervertebral foramina?

A

Dorsal & ventral roots

27
Q

At what vertebral level does the spinal cord end in an adult?

A

End of the spinal cord is called the conus medullaris (found between L1-L2)

28
Q

At what vertebral level does the dural sac end?

A

Extends from the foramen magnum to the 2nd sacral vertebra (S2)

29
Q

What is the clinical significance of the lumbar cistern?

A

The subarachnoid space is enlarged b/t L1-2 & S2, & is called the lumbar cistern

Used for obtaining CSF samples (lumbar puncture) & spinal anesthesia

30
Q

What is the cauda equina?

A

The lumbar & sacral nerves are found within the lumbar cistern & are referred to as the cauda equina ?

31
Q

What is found within the epidural space?

A

Fat, connective tissue & veins (different from the skull!)

32
Q

In what region(s) of the spinal cord would you expect the amount of gray matter to be smallest? Largest? Why?

A

The shape & amount of gray matter varies from region to region. It is most plentiful in the cervical & lumbar regions (supply limbs). Sacrial & therastic have less.

33
Q

Where are the motor neurons that innervate skeletal muscle located? Trace the route that their axons take when leaving the spinal cord.

A

Brain stem & spinal cord.

34
Q

Trace the route of the axons of sensory neurons as they enter the spinal cord.

A

?

35
Q

Where do the axons of sensory neurons for proprioception and
discriminative touch travel within the spinal cord? What tract do they form? Are these axons carrying information from the ipsilateral side of the body or the contralateral side of the body?

A

Dorsal columns – ascending sensory axons from DRG neurons. Contralateral.

36
Q

Where do the axons of sensory neurons for pain and temperature travel within the spinal cord? What tract do they form? Are these axons carrying information from the ipsilateral side of the body or the contralateral side of the body?

A

Spinothalamic tract – ascending sensory axons that originate in the dorsal horn. Ipsilateral.

37
Q

What do the dorsal root ganglia contain?

A

Cell bodies of the sensory neurons that form the dorsal root

Human Anatomy (7 decks)

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