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Cardiovascular Physiology > Lecture 1/2 textbook notes > Flashcards

Lecture 1/2 textbook notes Flashcards

1
Q

pulmonary vs systemic circulation (basic concept)

A

P: moves blood to and from the lungs
S: moves blood to and from organs (not lungs)

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2
Q

pulmonary vs systemic circulation (veins)

A

P: veins move oxygenated blood to the left side of the heart
S: veins move deoxygenated blood to the right side of the heart

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3
Q

Pulmonary circulation

A

right heart -(deoxygenated blood)-> lungs (air sacs) -(oxygenated blood)-> left side of heart

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4
Q

Systemic circulation

A

left heart -(oxygenated blood)-> all organs/tissues (not lungs) -(deoxygenated blood)-> right heart

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5
Q

Blood Flow from arties to veins

A

heart -> arties -> arterioles -> capillaries -> venules -> veins -> heart

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6
Q

arties

A

carry blood away from heart

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7
Q

arterioles

A

branched arteries

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8
Q

capillaries

A

branched arterioles

>exchange gas, nutrients & waste between blood and surrounding tissue

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9
Q

venules

A

blood enters them via capillaries (large vessels)

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10
Q

veins

A

carry blood from venules to heart (smaller than venules)

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11
Q

parallel flow definition

A

blood flows through circulatory system in parallel pathways

>blood flow only to 1 organ at a time

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12
Q

parallel flow path

A

heart -(artery)-> organ -(capillaries)-(veins)-> heart

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13
Q

parallel flow path benefits

A
  • fresh blood supply

- independent organ regulation

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14
Q

portal system (exception to parallel flow)

A

organ -(capillary network)-(portal vein)-(capillary network) -> heart

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15
Q

portal vein function

A

blood vessel that delivers blood to the liver from the stomach, intestines, spleen, and pancreas

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16
Q

location of the heart

A

thoracic cavity with its mass to the left of the body’s midline

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17
Q

pericardium function

A

membranous sac that keeps heart flexibly in place

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18
Q

pericardium layers

A

-parietal layer -(pericardial cavity)- visceral/epicardium layer-heart

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19
Q

pericardium parietal layer

A
  • surrounded by tough fibrous coat of connective tissue

- attaches heart to cavity

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20
Q

pericardium pericardial cavity

A

contains pericardial fluid which reduces heart beat friction within the pericardium

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21
Q

pericardium visceral/epicardium layer

A

adheres to surface of heart

22
Q

heart wall layers

A

(pericardium)-epicardium—myocardium—endocardium-(inside of heart)

23
Q

heart wall’s epicardium/visceral layer

A

made of epithelium and connective tissue

24
Q

heart wall’s myocardium

A

thick cardiac muscle that pumps heart

25
Q

heart wall’s endocardium

A

lines heart chambers & covers heart valves

>contains heart vessels: endothelial cells/ endothelium/blood & lymphatic vessels

26
Q

Heart Chambers

A

has two atria and two ventricles

-left heart and right heart have one of each

27
Q

left heart

A

pumps for systemic circulation

28
Q

right heart

A

pumps for pulmonary circulation

29
Q

muscular partition/septum

A

separates the right and left heart

30
Q

heart wall’s myocardium thickness

A
  • atria are thin b/c they pump shorter distances and require less pressure
  • ventricles are thick because they pump for greater distances and require more pressure
31
Q

greater blood vessels

A
  • superior/inferior vena cava
  • pulmonary trunk/arteries/veins
  • aorta
32
Q

superior vs inferior vena cava

A
  • superior: brings blood from body parts above the heart

- inferior: brings blood from body parts below the heart

33
Q

Pathway of deoxygenated blood from body parts to lungs

A

Vena Cavas -> right atrium -> right ventricle -> pulmonary trunk -> pulmonary arteries -> lungs (alveoli)

34
Q

Pathway of oxygenated blood from lungs to body parts

A

Lungs (alveoli) -> pulmonary veins -> left atrium -> left ventricle -> aorta -> arteries -> body parts (not alveoli)

35
Q

Atrioventricular Valves types

A
  • tricuspid

- bicuspid/mitral

36
Q

tricuspid valve

A

right atrium -> right ventricle

37
Q

bicuspid/mitral valve

A

left atrium -> left ventricle

38
Q

AV valves opening vs closing

A

AV valves -( chordae tendineae )- papillary muscles
>opening: muscles relax because atria pressure > ventricle pressure
>closing: muscles contract because atria pressure < ventricles pressure

39
Q

semilunar valves types

A
  • pulmonary valve

- aortic valve

40
Q

pulmonary valve

A

right ventricle -> pulmonary trunk

41
Q

aortic valve

A

left ventricle -> left aorta

42
Q

SL valves opening and closing

A
  • blood in pulmonary trunk or left aorta causes the valves to passively shut due to shape of valves
  • open: ventricle pressure > arterial pressure
  • close: ventricle pressure < arterial pressure
43
Q

fibrous heart skeleton structure

A

connective heart wall tissue

>4 rings that surround heart valves

44
Q

fibrous heart skeleton function

A

> structural foundation
overstretching prevention
attachment point for cardiac muscles fibers
insulator between atria and ventricles

45
Q

coronary circulation function

A

supplies (arteries) and drains (veins) heart wall blood supply

46
Q

coronary pathway

A

aorta -> coronary arteries -> capillaries -> coronary veins -> coronary sinus -> drains in right atrium

47
Q

The heart is bordered by the ______ anteriorly,

A

sternum (breastbone)

48
Q

The heart is bordered by the _____laterally

A

lungs

49
Q

The heart is bordered by the________posteriorly

A

vertebral column

50
Q

The heart is bordered by the ____ inferiorly

A

diaphragm

51
Q

interventricular septum

A

the part of the septum between the two ventricles

52
Q

interatrial septum

A

The part of the septum located between the two atria

Cardiovascular Physiology (14 decks)

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