Lecture 1/2 textbook notes Flashcards
pulmonary vs systemic circulation (basic concept)
P: moves blood to and from the lungs
S: moves blood to and from organs (not lungs)
pulmonary vs systemic circulation (veins)
P: veins move oxygenated blood to the left side of the heart
S: veins move deoxygenated blood to the right side of the heart
Pulmonary circulation
right heart -(deoxygenated blood)-> lungs (air sacs) -(oxygenated blood)-> left side of heart
Systemic circulation
left heart -(oxygenated blood)-> all organs/tissues (not lungs) -(deoxygenated blood)-> right heart
Blood Flow from arties to veins
heart -> arties -> arterioles -> capillaries -> venules -> veins -> heart
arties
carry blood away from heart
arterioles
branched arteries
capillaries
branched arterioles
>exchange gas, nutrients & waste between blood and surrounding tissue
venules
blood enters them via capillaries (large vessels)
veins
carry blood from venules to heart (smaller than venules)
parallel flow definition
blood flows through circulatory system in parallel pathways
>blood flow only to 1 organ at a time
parallel flow path
heart -(artery)-> organ -(capillaries)-(veins)-> heart
parallel flow path benefits
- fresh blood supply
- independent organ regulation
portal system (exception to parallel flow)
organ -(capillary network)-(portal vein)-(capillary network) -> heart
portal vein function
blood vessel that delivers blood to the liver from the stomach, intestines, spleen, and pancreas
location of the heart
thoracic cavity with its mass to the left of the body’s midline
pericardium function
membranous sac that keeps heart flexibly in place
pericardium layers
-parietal layer -(pericardial cavity)- visceral/epicardium layer-heart
pericardium parietal layer
- surrounded by tough fibrous coat of connective tissue
- attaches heart to cavity
pericardium pericardial cavity
contains pericardial fluid which reduces heart beat friction within the pericardium
pericardium visceral/epicardium layer
adheres to surface of heart
heart wall layers
(pericardium)-epicardium—myocardium—endocardium-(inside of heart)
heart wall’s epicardium/visceral layer
made of epithelium and connective tissue
heart wall’s myocardium
thick cardiac muscle that pumps heart
heart wall’s endocardium
lines heart chambers & covers heart valves
>contains heart vessels: endothelial cells/ endothelium/blood & lymphatic vessels
Heart Chambers
has two atria and two ventricles
-left heart and right heart have one of each
left heart
pumps for systemic circulation
right heart
pumps for pulmonary circulation
muscular partition/septum
separates the right and left heart
heart wall’s myocardium thickness
- atria are thin b/c they pump shorter distances and require less pressure
- ventricles are thick because they pump for greater distances and require more pressure
greater blood vessels
- superior/inferior vena cava
- pulmonary trunk/arteries/veins
- aorta
superior vs inferior vena cava
- superior: brings blood from body parts above the heart
- inferior: brings blood from body parts below the heart
Pathway of deoxygenated blood from body parts to lungs
Vena Cavas -> right atrium -> right ventricle -> pulmonary trunk -> pulmonary arteries -> lungs (alveoli)
Pathway of oxygenated blood from lungs to body parts
Lungs (alveoli) -> pulmonary veins -> left atrium -> left ventricle -> aorta -> arteries -> body parts (not alveoli)
Atrioventricular Valves types
- tricuspid
- bicuspid/mitral
tricuspid valve
right atrium -> right ventricle
bicuspid/mitral valve
left atrium -> left ventricle
AV valves opening vs closing
AV valves -( chordae tendineae )- papillary muscles
>opening: muscles relax because atria pressure > ventricle pressure
>closing: muscles contract because atria pressure < ventricles pressure
semilunar valves types
- pulmonary valve
- aortic valve
pulmonary valve
right ventricle -> pulmonary trunk
aortic valve
left ventricle -> left aorta
SL valves opening and closing
- blood in pulmonary trunk or left aorta causes the valves to passively shut due to shape of valves
- open: ventricle pressure > arterial pressure
- close: ventricle pressure < arterial pressure
fibrous heart skeleton structure
connective heart wall tissue
>4 rings that surround heart valves
fibrous heart skeleton function
> structural foundation
overstretching prevention
attachment point for cardiac muscles fibers
insulator between atria and ventricles
coronary circulation function
supplies (arteries) and drains (veins) heart wall blood supply
coronary pathway
aorta -> coronary arteries -> capillaries -> coronary veins -> coronary sinus -> drains in right atrium
The heart is bordered by the ______ anteriorly,
sternum (breastbone)
The heart is bordered by the _____laterally
lungs
The heart is bordered by the________posteriorly
vertebral column
The heart is bordered by the ____ inferiorly
diaphragm
interventricular septum
the part of the septum between the two ventricles
interatrial septum
The part of the septum located between the two atria
