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Cardiovascular Physiology > L7/L8 > Flashcards

L7/L8 Flashcards

1
Q

Endothelium of Vasculature definition

A

epithelial cells that make up inner layer of blood vessels

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2
Q

the endothelium is surrounded by ___ which does _

A

basement membrane which supports cells

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3
Q

basement membrane is surrouned by ___ which does _

A

smooth muscle which is responsible for vasoconstriction and dilation

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4
Q

smooth muscle cells are surrounded by __ which does _

A

connective tissue
>elastic: stretches with incoming blood
>fibrous: fights the pressure from blood flow

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5
Q

vascular tone

A

partial contrcation of blood vessles in smooth muscles

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6
Q

Types of Arteries

A
  • elastic

- muscular

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7
Q

elastic vs muscular arteries

A

-elastic
>have more elastic connective tissue
>large diameter

-muscular
>have more smooth muscles
>medium diameter

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8
Q

elastic arteries function

A

pressure reservoirs

>stretch to store pressure & recoil to release

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9
Q

muscular arteries function

A

vasocontriction/dilation and distributing blood to organs

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10
Q

large vs small arterioles

A

-large: have less fibrous connective tissue
-small: smaller diamter making it a resistance vessel
>increased blood flow resistance b/c increased friction

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11
Q

capillaires function

A

exchange vessels

>because exchange nutrients and waste between blood and tissue cells

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12
Q

capillaries structure

A

thin walls with pores in endothelial to basement membrane

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13
Q

capillary bed

A

10-100 capillaries

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14
Q

metarteriole

A

in capillary bed can bypass it

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15
Q

at capillary junction with arterioles or metarterioles there are

A

precapillary sphincters
>they open and close to impact blood flow
>usualy 5-10 times per minute (vasomotion)

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16
Q

capillary types

A
  • continuous
  • fenestrated
  • sinusoids
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17
Q

continuous capiilaries function

A

PM is continous with intercellular clefts

>ion/water permeable

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18
Q

continuous capiilaries location

A

muscle, connective tissue and lungs

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19
Q

fenestrated capillaires function

A

have fenestrations (cyclindrical pores that increase permeability)

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20
Q

fenestrated capillaires location

A

kidneys, small intestine and endocrine glands

21
Q

sinusoids capillaires function

A

wide/winding with large fenestrations

>very permeable

22
Q

sinusoid capillaries location

A

bone marrow, spleen and liver

23
Q

venules post capillary vs larger

A
  • post capillary: samller, endothelium & basement membrane with pores
  • larger: thick walls, smooth muscle and fibrous connective tissue
24
Q

veins layers

A

-less elastic connective tissue and less smooth muscle than other vasculature

25
Q

veins structure

A

valves prevent back flow

>malfunction leads to varicose veins

26
Q

what is the relationship between veins and skeletal musclels

A

skeletal muscles contract to help move blood back to the heart (skeletal muscle pimp)

27
Q

what is milking your veins

>valves?

A

stand on your tippy toes then on your heel

> distal valve -(blood)-> poximal valve

28
Q

blood reservoirs

A

mostly systemic veins and venules (64% of blood)

>increased activity -> venoconstriction -> reduced blood reserves -> increased blood flow to skeletal muscles

29
Q

Diffusion in capillaries purpose

A

diffuse nutrients, gases and wastes between blood and interstital fluid

30
Q

what kind of capillaries allow diffusion of plasma proteins and blood cells

A

sinusoids

>via intercellualr clefts

31
Q

transcytosis (rarer) in capillaries

A

blood -(substances)-> vesicle -(endocytosis) -> endothelial cells -> (exocytosis)
>ex: hormones and antibodies

32
Q

bulk flow in capillaries definition

A

greater movement rates than diffuse BUT passive transport
>blood capillaries -(filtration)-> interstitial fluid
>blood capillaires interstital fluid

33
Q

Starling forces

A 
-pressures that determine bulkflow
>capillary hydrostatic 
>interstitial fluid hydrostatic 
>plasma colloid osmotic
>interstital fluid colloid osmotic
34
Q

net filtration pressure in capillaries definition

A

indicates direciton of fluid movement
> + means outward
> - means inward

35
Q

net filtration pressure in capillaries formula

A

NFP = (capillary hydrostatic + interstitial fluid colloid osmotic) - (plasma colloid osmotic + interestital fluid hydrostatic)

36
Q

Lymphatic system components

A

lymph, lympathic vessels, lymphoid organs/tissues

37
Q

lymphatic system functions

A

> drains excess interestitial fluid: via lymapthatic vessels
returns filtered plasma proteins to blood: via lymphatic capillaires (increases permeability)
carries out immune response (microbes & adnormal cells)
transports dietary lipids: GI tract to blood (via lymphatic vessels)

38
Q

lymphatic capillaries vs blood capillaries

A

> more permeable (endothelial cells do not attached end to end)
larger

39
Q

lymphatic vessels vs veins

A

> thinner walls

>both have valves

40
Q

lymph fluid flow

A

> blood capillaires -(blood)-> interstital spaces -(interstitual fluid)-> lymphatic capillaries -(lymph)-> larger lymphatic vessels -(lymph)-> venous circulation

41
Q

lymph fluid mechanisms of flow

A

> smooth miscle contractions
skeletal muscle pump
respiratory pump

42
Q

capillary hydrostatic

filtration or reabsorption?

A

filtration

43
Q

capillary hydrostatic what is it?

A

pressure from water on outter capillaries

44
Q

interstitial fluid hydrostatic filtration or reabsorption?

A

reabsorption

45
Q

interstitial fluid hydrostatic what is it?

A

pressure from water on outer capillaries

46
Q

capillary plasma colloid osmotic filtration or reabsorption?

A

reabsorption

47
Q

plasma colloid osmotic what is it?

A

plasma in blood

48
Q

interstital fluid colloid osmotic filtration or reabsorption?

A

filtration

49
Q

interstital fluid colloid osmotic what is it?

A

plasma in interstitial fluid

Cardiovascular Physiology (14 decks)

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