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Cardiovascular Physiology > Fewell - Cardiovascular (Introduction) 2021 > Flashcards

Fewell - Cardiovascular (Introduction) 2021 Flashcards

1
Q

Cardiovascular System (primary roles)

A
  1. maintaining homeostasis through the transport of
    nutrients and dissolved gases to tissues
  2. removal of by-products of metabolism via kidney/exhalation
    (goal of transport)
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2
Q

Goal of transport

A

match supply to demand

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3
Q

Cardiovascular System (secondary roles)
> _regulation
>_signaling via _
> _ responses

A

(also maintaining homeostatic mechanisms)
• body temperature regulation
• chemical signaling to cells via hormones
• immune responses

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4
Q

Integration of Heart, Blood and Vessels in cardiovascular system

A

The heart (a pump) that generates the pressure needed to circulate blood (a heterogeneous liquid) through vessels (a set of containers) to the tissues

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5
Q

Congestive heart failure

A

failure of the heart as a pump

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6
Q

embolus

A

failure of the blood as an effective liquid organ

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7
Q

stroke/haemorrhage

A

failure of the vasculature as a competent container (blood leaves vessels?)
-sudden loss of consciousness resulting when the rupture or occlusion of a blood vessel leads to oxygen lack in the brain

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8
Q

atherosclerosis

A

failure of the vasculature as an efficient distribution system (maybe due to plaques?)

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9
Q

coronary artery disease

A
  • most common type of heart disease

- impacts more men than women

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10
Q

Great Way to preventing Heart Disease

A

-adopting healthy behaviors

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11
Q

Dual Pump

A

the heart drives the blood into two serial & closed circuits

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12
Q

systemic circulation

A

high pressure blood circulation

-unidirectional flow via flap valves

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13
Q

pulmonary circulation

A

lower pressure blood circulation

-unidirectional flow via flap valves

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14
Q

purpose of flap valves

A

cause unidirectional blood flow

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15
Q

when does the heart rest?

A

Never if it does we die within minutes (unlike other organs)

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16
Q

Blood Flow

A

Blood from areas of high pressure to areas of low pressure

-high pressure leaving heart via aorta and dissipates as blood moves to tissues than venules to venae cavae

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17
Q

Circulatory System Containers (artery side)

A

atrial side are high pressure and therefore have thicker vessels to prevent bursting, elastic artery can expand and contract

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18
Q

Circulatory System Containers (veine side)

A

lower pressure therefore less thick

19
Q 
location of heart
> found in the chest's \_\_\_\_
>middle region \_\_\_\_
>ventral \_\_\_
>posterior \_\_\_\_
A 
interior-> chest -> mediastinum
middle region -> thorax 
ventral -> behind sternum
Posterior -> behind spinal cord 
-sternum and spinal cord are boney protection
20
Q

size of the human heart

A

about the size of a fist

21
Q

skeleton of the heart

A
  • fibrous tissue rings that serves as a semi-rigid support for the valves (inside of 4 rings)
  • servers as an attachment/anchor for cardiac muscles
22
Q

which ventricule is thicker and why

A

thicker muscles and how to do more work than right ventricle

23
Q

Right ventricle

A

thinner compared to left ventricle

24
Q

Atrioventricular valves

A

valves lie between atria and ventricles

  • triscusped valve
  • bicusped valve
25
Q

Tricuspid Valve

A

between right atria & right ventricle (3 cusps or flaps)

26
Q

Bicuspid or Mitral Valve

A

between left atria & left ventricle (2 cusps or flaps)

27
Q

Semilunar Valves

A

valves lie between ventricles and great arteries

  • pulmonary valve
  • aortic valve
28
Q

Pulmonary Valve

A

– between right ventricle and pulmonary trunk (3 cusps or flaps)

29
Q

Aortic Valve

A

– between left ventricle and aorta (3 cusps or flaps)

30
Q

how are the valves/cusps shaped?

A

like half-moons

31
Q

where are there no valves

A

no valves are the blood comes back from the lungs?????

32
Q

how do valves close

A

passively

33
Q

coronary arteries (why is it unqiure)

A

heart is the only organ that supplies its on blood flow

34
Q

Coronary Veins return to heart via?

A

blood that was feeding the heart returns to the right side by draining into the coronary sinus

35
Q

chordae tendinea

A

function like parachute cords

  • puts tension via cords on the valves
  • provide rigidity to vavles
36
Q

walls of the heart

A
  • left ventricle has thick walls

- going from cavity outwards

37
Q

pericardium -anatomy
>_ sac keeps _
> _ membrane makes _

A

Two layers:
• A loose fitting inextensible,
fibrous sac that surrounds the
heart and is attached to the
great vessels (keeps the heart in place and from overextending)
• A serous membrane that lines the fibrous sac with serous fluid (parietal) and
covers the heart (visceral) (produce protein containing fluid that lubricates heart to avoid rubbing on surrounding body)

38
Q

Serous membranes

A
  • line and enclose several body cavities, know as serous cavities where they
    secrete a lubricating fluid which reduces friction from movement (pericardial fluid 10-15 mL).
39
Q

Serous fluid

A

– fluid secreted by serous membranes that reduce friction in serous cavities.

40
Q

how to fix pericardial effusion

A

fix with putting a needle into the chest

41
Q 
Pericardium - Function
>maintenance of _ and _
> separation from _
>protection  from_
>facilation of _
A 
• Maintenance of cardiac position
• Separation from surrounding
tissues in mediastinum
• Protection against ventricular
dilatation
• Maintenance of low transmural
pressures
• Facilitation of ventricular
interdependence
42
Q

Blood Pressure 120/80 means

A

systolic (120) vs diastyolic (80)

  • healthy blood pressure
  • units mm Hg
43
Q

pressure

A

is the amount of force acting per unit

area.

44
Q

Stephen Hales

A

measured blood pressure in the house

-see how high atrial pressure in the horse pushed to mercury

Cardiovascular Physiology (14 decks)

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