Lecture 1 - 2

Question 1

Genes

Answer 1

Come in multiple versions of alleles (Tt vs tt)

Question 2

What does genotype confer?

Answer 2

Phenotype

Question 3

What does DNA carry?

Answer 3

Genetic Info

Question 4

Where are Genes located in?

Answer 4

Chromosomes

Question 5

How is Genetic Information transferred?

Answer 5

From DNA to RNA to Protein

Question 6

Gene

Answer 6

A genetic factor (region of DNA) that helps determine a characteristic

Question 7

Allele

Answer 7

One of two or more alternate forms of a gene

Question 8

Locus (location)

Answer 8

Specific place on a chromosome occupied by an allele

Question 9

Genotype

Answer 9

Set of alleles possed by an individual organism

Question 10

Heterozygote

Answer 10

An individual organism possessing two different alleles at a locus

Question 11

Homozygote

Answer 11

An individual organism possessing two of the same alleles at a locus

Question 12

Phenotype or Trait

Answer 12

The appearance or manifestation of a character

Question 13

What is a dihybrid cross?

Answer 13

Crossing two different types of traits (yellow or round and green or wrinkled)

Question 14

What ratio does a dihybrid cross always produce?

Answer 14

9:3:3:1

Question 15

How many gametes do homozygotes produce?

Answer 15

1

Question 16

How many gametes do heterozygotes produce?

Answer 16

1

Question 17

What are recessive mutations?

Answer 17

Usually dominated by wild type and require two mutated copies for disease to develop

Question 18

Null/Amorphic Alleles

Answer 18

A nonfunctional protein is produced OR no protein is produced (enzyme no longer recognize substrate)

Mutation is in the promoter region sports no RNA is produced.

Question 19

Hypomorphic Alleles

Answer 19

Poorly functioning protein is produced OR reduced amounts of a normally functioning protein is produced

Question 20

What are Autosomal Dominant Traits

Answer 20

Typically does not skip generations, and one copy of a mutated (changed) gene from one parent can cause the genetic condition.

Question 21

What are the alleles for an Autosomal Dominant Trait?

Answer 21

bb - Normal
Bb - Affected Heterozygote
BB - Affected Homozygote

Question 22

Dominant Hypermorphic Alleles

Answer 22

• Negative phenotypic consequences due to the over-production of a normal protein OR
• Negative phenotypic consequences due to the production of a protein with increased activity levels.

Question 23

Neomorphic Alleles

Answer 23

• Negative phenotypic consequences due to the presence of an altered protein that has a new function.
• Negative phenotypic consequences when the altered protein interferes with the wild type protein (Dominant-negative allele)

Question 24

For traits that are rare and dominant, why are affected individuals most likely to be heterozygous (Bb) and not BB

Answer 24

The only way to produce BB would be to have two heterozygous individuals mate, which is rare to have two people with the disease mate