Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

PSYC 342 > Lecture 1 > Flashcards

Lecture 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 2 main divisions of the nervous system?

A

CNS and PNS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

The brain and spinal cord are part of the __NS

A

CNS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

The autonomic and somatic NS are part of the __NS

A

PNS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Sympathetic and parasympathetic systems are contained within the (autonomic/somatic) nervous system?

A

autonomic NS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

the autonomic NS is responsible for:

A

involuntary control of the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

The (para/sympathetic) system is responsible for the fight or flight response

A

sympathetic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

The (para/sympathetic) system is responsible for resting and digesting

A

parasympathetic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

(T/F) the sympathetic and parasympathetic systems are distinct and don’t interact

A

FALSE!! (ex stress can lead to ED lolz)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

the somatic NS is responsible for:

A

movement/muscle control; sending sensory input to brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

(afferent/efferent) neurons carry info from sensory receptors to CNS

A

Afferent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

(afferent/efferent) neurons carry motor info away from CNS to muscles and glands of body

A

Efferent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What does a coronal brain slice look like?

A

like slicing a loaf of bread

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What does a sagittal brain slice look like?

A

vertical (perpendicular to coronal), in line w split between hemispheres (central sulcus)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What does a horizontal brain slice look like?

A

like if you sliced the top of your head off

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Brain development starts with what is called the ____

A

neural tube

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

By 4 weeks, an embryo has developed which 3 broad structures of the brain?

A

forebrain, midbrain, hindbrain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

The forebrain develops into the ___ and the _____

A

telencephalon and diencephalon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

The telencephalon divides into the ____, the ___ and the ____
The diencephalon divides into the ___ and the ___

A

cortex, limbic system, basal ganglia
thalamus, hypothalamus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

The cortex is responsible for:

A

cognitive functions (eg consciousness, thought, emotion, reasoning, language, memory)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What are the 4 lobes of the cortex

A

frontal, parietal, occipital, temporal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

The cerebral cortex is…

A

about 3mm of grey matter along edges of brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Which lobe is rostral and anterior?

A

frontal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Which lobe is dorsal and superior?

A

parietal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Which lobe is caudal and posterior?

A

occipital

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Which lobe is medial and ventral?

A

temporal

26
Q

White matter contains ____ while grey matter contains ___

A

axons; cell bodies

27
Q

DTI is a newer brain imaging technique that creates images via…

A

looking at motility of water in brain (movement of cytosol)

28
Q

What are the 4 key functions of the frontal lobe?

A
  • executive functioning
  • motor control
  • emotion
  • language
29
Q

What are the 3 key areas of the frontal lobe discussed in class?

A
  • motor cortex (precentral gyrus)
  • prefrontal cortex
  • broca’s area
30
Q

Explain the case of Phineas Gage

A
  • large iron rod through head
  • lesion of left frontal lobe
  • effects on personality and behaviour!
31
Q

The parietal lobe contains the ____ cortex and is responsible for ____

A

somatosensory; processing sensory information of the body!

32
Q

What is the cortical homunculus?

A
  • model that shows visually # of neurons ass. w each function (huge hands, tongue, and lips)
  • created by Dr. Penfield!
33
Q

The temporal lobe is responsible for ___

A
  • processing auditory signals
  • important in some aspects of learning, memory, language
  • very integrated w limbic system!
34
Q

The occipital lobe is responsible for ____

A

visual perception
(damage to this area is very dangerous, was actually banned in boxing)

35
Q

What are the 4 key parts of the limbic system?

A
  • amygdala (fear/anxiety)
  • hippocampus (learning/memory)
  • hypothalamus (homeostasis)
  • thalamus (relay center)
36
Q

The amygdala is related to…

A

fear/anxiety

37
Q

The hippocampus is related to…

A

learning/memory

38
Q

The hypothalamus is related to…

A

homeostasis – connection w endocrine system (eg HPA)

39
Q

The thalamus is related to…

A

relay center of brain

40
Q

Describe the case of H.M.

A
  • was having seizures so Dr decided to remove hippocampus
  • no more seizures, no personality change, increased IQ
  • BUT lost most memories from previous decades and could not form new ones!
  • Brenda Milner discovered his procedural memory was relatively intact
  • discovered distinction btw declarative/procedural memory
41
Q

The midbrain contains the ____ and ____. It is related to…

A

substantia nigra and ventral tegmental area (VTA)
related to mood, reward and addiction

42
Q

What are the 3 components of the hindbrain and what are their functions?

A
  • Medulla: breathing, BP, HR
  • Pons: bridge btw hindbrain and rest of brain
  • Cerebellum: balance, coordination, procedural memory
43
Q

What are the 3 main types of glial cells in the CNS?

A
  • oligodendrocyte (prod. myelin sheaths, nurture and sustain env. around axons)
  • astrocyte (neural support, repair damage, regulate neuronal communication)
  • microglia (immune response, homeostasis, supporting neural function)
44
Q

What are the names of the following glial cells in the PNS?
Astrocyte (CNS):
Oligodendrocyte (CNS):
Microglia (CNS):

A

Astrocyte (CNS): Satellite cell
Oligodendrocyte (CNS): Schwann cell
Microglia (CNS): no diff name

45
Q

Dendrites are the (input/output) site for neural signals

A

input

46
Q

Each dendritic spine is (pre/post)synaptic to 1-2 axon terminals

A

POST (receives info from)

47
Q

What is the longest projection from the soma?

A

axon (ends at multiple terminal buttons)

48
Q

Terminal buttons of axons contain _____ that house ____

A

synaptic vesicles that house neurotransmitters

49
Q

The watery fluid inside the soma (____) is rich in ___ and ___ and is separated from the outside by the neuronal membrane

A

CYTOSOL; salt and potassium

50
Q

(T/F) neuron cell bodies contain same organelles as all animal cells

A

TRUE

51
Q

The nucleus is contained with a double membrane called the ____

A

nuclear envelope (full of pores)

52
Q

How do genes for protein assembly get transcribed in the nucleus?

A
  • RNA synthesized by RNA polymerase and processed into mRNA
  • mRNA carries genetic instructions for protein assembly from nucleus to cytoplasm thru pores in nuclear envelope
53
Q

What are the 4 key types of proteins embedded in the neuron cell membrane?

A
  • Ion channels (facilitates nerve impulse transmission)
  • Transporters (mvmt of molecules/ions across membrane)
  • Receptors (bind to specific neurotransmitters/signaling molecules to initiate cellular response)
  • Enzymes (catalyze chem rxns crucial for cell function)
54
Q

At resting potential, the inside of a neuron is more (pos/neg) than the outside

A

NEGATIVE

55
Q

At resting potential, the NaK pump uses energy via ____ to pump __Na+ ions (in/out) and __K+ ions (in/out)

A

energy via ATP
3 Na+ ions OUT
2 K+ ions IN
**keeps inside more negative bc more positive ions are going out than in

56
Q

During an action potential, the membrane becomes (pos/neg) charged

A

POSITIVELY

57
Q

The __ and __ of action potentials constitutes the code used by neurons to transfer info from one location to another

A

frequency and pattern

58
Q

Put the steps of the action potential in order:
- repolarization
- resting potential
- Na+ channels open
- Na+ channels close
- depolarization
- K+ channels open
- hyperpolariation
- stimulus

A
  1. resting potential
  2. stimulus
  3. Na+ channels open (let Na into cell)
  4. Depolarization (inside gets more pos)
  5. Na+ channels close
  6. K+ channels open (let K out of cell)
  7. Repolarization (inside gets more neg)
  8. Hyperpolarization (gets more neg than resting)
  9. Resting potential
59
Q

Action potentials can occur ___x faster than the blink of an eye and lasts about __ milliseconds

A

100x; 2 milliseconds

60
Q

Neurons communicate with each other through the _____

A

synaptic cleft! (connects axon terminal to spine on dendrite)
** action potentials cause vesicles to fuse to presynaptic membrane and release neurotransmitter into postsynaptic cleft via exocytosis

61
Q

What is the difference between ionotropic and metabotropic channels

A

ionotropic: typically ligand-gated ion channels, through which ions pass in response to a neurotransmitter
metabotropic: require G proteins and second messengers to indirectly modulate ionic activity in neurons

62
Q
A

PSYC 342 (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions