Lecture 1 Flashcards
1
Q
Coyne et al. (2001)
Heart-failure study
A
- Males in heart failure interviewed about relationships.
- Analyzed survival rates over four years.
- 70% happy marriage males still alive; 45% unhappy.
- Significant difference in survival rates.
2
Q
Berkman & Syme (1979)
Social integration
A
- Measured social integration in California individuals.
- Followed for nine years; analyzed survival rates.
- Least socially integrated had higher chances of dying.
3
Q
Cohen et al. (1997)
Rhino-virus
A
- Participants infected with rhino-virus.
- Socially integrated individuals less likely to get sick.
- Strength of immune system linked to social integration.
4
Q
Gouin et al. (2010)
Blisters
A
- Investigated positive interactions and oxytocin in blisters study.
- Positive behavior related to higher oxytocin levels.
- Higher oxytocin linked to faster recovery from blisters.
5
Q
Holt-Lunstad, Smit & Layton (2010)
Mortality
A
Reviewed social relationships’ contribution to mortality.
Compared effect sizes with other factors.
Laypeople ranked social relationships low on mortality impact.
6
Q
Why is social integration associated with well-being?
A
- Social integration —> Social support —> Health and well-being.
- Two ways: Direct effect-hypothesis and Stress-buffering hypothesis.
- Social support affects health positively and buffers stress.
7
Q
Coan et al. (2016)
Lending a hand…
A
- fMRI study on neurophysiological responses to pain.
- Holding hands reduced stress-related brain activity.
- Women happier in relationships had even less stress.
8
Q
Slatcher (2010, 2016)
Strength and strain model of marriage
A
- Marital strength vs. strain impact on psych mechanisms.
- Outside stressors can negatively affect psych mechanisms.
- Impact on cognition, affect, and health behaviors.
9
Q
Epley & Schroeder (2014)
Train commuter study
A
- Examined happiness predictions during train ride.
- People predicted more positivity when not talking.
- Actual results: More positive when starting a conversation.
10
Q
Why do people choose solitude?
A
- People misunderstand consequences of social connection.
- Pluralistic ignorance: Shared belief others aren’t interested.
- Increase in happiness for both seeking and being sought.
11
Q
Baumeister & Leary (1995)
The need to belong
A
- Innate need to belong for survival.
- Loneliness similar to hunger and thirst.
- Inclusion associated with a healthy life; exclusion with an unhealthy one.
12
Q
What are the immediate responses to being ostracized?
A
- Need-threat model of social exclusion.
- Ostracism threatens fundamental needs.
- Similar neural systems involved in social and physical pain.
13
Q
Is there a relationship between social exclusion and aggression?
A
- Exclusion leads to aggression.
- Aggression linked to the need for control.
- Aggressing as a way to regain control.
