Chapter 4: Social Cognition Flashcards
1
Q
Introduction to Social Cognition
A
- Discusses the role of social cognition in shaping perceptions, beliefs, and memories.
- Emphasizes the impact of judgments on relationships and happiness.
2
Q
First Impressions
A
- Emphasizes the influence of first impressions on judgments.
- Studies indicate persistence of initial perceptions over time.
3
Q
Snap Judgments and Primacy Effects
A
- Snap judgments form rapidly and include assessments of anger, attractiveness, and trustworthiness.
- Primacy effects give special weight to the first information received, shaping overall impressions.
4
Q
Confirmation Bias and Overconfidence
A
- Introduction of confirmation bias and overconfidence in judgments.
- A study on HIV risk estimation illustrates the persistence of overconfidence in relationships.
5
Q
Relationship Dynamics and Judgments
A
- Existing beliefs continue to influence perceptions at every relationship stage.
- Study: Parents and roommates make more accurate predictions about dating relationships than individuals involved.
6
Q
Implications
A
- Concludes with the impact of perceptions on feelings and behaviors in relationships.
- Encourages critical examination of preconceptions and biases.
7
Q
Idealizing Our Partners
A
- Individuals seek ideal qualities in romantic relationships.
- Positive illusions involve constructing charitable perceptions for greater satisfaction.
8
Q
Balancing Idealization
A
- Constructive idealization involves interpreting partner’s qualities kindly.
- Awareness prevents disillusionment, promoting relationship commitment.
9
Q
Attributional Processes
A
- Attributions explain why events occur, influencing satisfaction.
- Actor/observer effects and self-serving biases play a role.
10
Q
Influence of Attachment Styles
A
- Attachment styles impact attributions; secure attachment leads to relationship-enhancing attributions.
- Insecurity, particularly fear of abandonment, may lead to pessimistic attributions.
11
Q
Role of Memories
A
- Reconstructive memory continually revises memories based on current feelings.
- Memories influence future behavior and emotions.
12
Q
Relationship Beliefs
A
- People bring established beliefs about relationships into partnerships.
- Study by Brian Willoughby on marital paradigms and attitudes toward marriage.
12
Q
Self-Perceptions and Relationships
A
- Self-concepts encompass self-esteem and beliefs about oneself.
- People seek partners who support their existing self-concepts.
12
Q
Disadvantageous Beliefs
A
- Identifies dysfunctional beliefs negatively impacting relationship quality.
- Examples include beliefs about disagreements, mindreading, and partner change.
12
Q
Destiny Beliefs vs. Growth Beliefs
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- Destiny beliefs view relationships as predetermined, leading to dissatisfaction.
- Growth beliefs posit that relationships develop gradually through effort.
12
Q
Impression Management in Social Life
A
- Impression management involves consciously or unconsciously controlling information to influence how others perceive individuals.
- Four strategies: ingratiation, self-promotion, intimidation, and supplication.
12
Q
Impact of Media on Beliefs
A
- Hollywood often portrays destiny beliefs in romantic comedies.
- Growth beliefs, emphasizing hard work, are less commonly depicted.
12
Q
Reasons for Significance
A
- Impression management is ubiquitous and influences social life.
- Four strategies are ingratiation, self-promotion, intimidation, and supplication.
12
Q
Change in Relationship Beliefs
A
- Relationship beliefs can change over time based on experiences and education.
- Unrealistic beliefs may lead to distress and disappointment.
13
Q
Perceptions of Others
A
- Chronic expectations may create social worlds for individuals.
- Rejection sensitivity may lead to obnoxious behavior, while optimism contributes to satisfying relationships.
13
Q
Expectations and Self-Fulfilling Prophecies
A
- Self-fulfilling prophecies occur when false predictions become true due to behavior guided by expectations.
- Positive expectations lead to positive outcomes.
14
Q
Strategies of Impression Management
A
- Four broad strategies: ingratiation, self-promotion, intimidation, and supplication.
15
Q
Impression Management in Close Relationships
A
- Individuals employ different styles based on self-monitoring traits.
- Accuracy of perceptions is influenced by idealized perceptions and selective attention.
16
Q
Conclusion on Perceptions
A
- Accuracy in perceptions varies due to motivation and individual differences.
- Impression management plays a crucial role in influencing relationship dynamics and satisfaction.
