lect 4: ch 20 Flashcards

1
Q

types of vulnerabilities for older adults

A

1) thermoregulation
2) physical
3) criminal
4) transportation
5) driving
6) fire

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2
Q

what is the purpose of home safety evaluation?

A

reduction of fall risk

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3
Q

what factors affect thermoregulation?

A
  • neurosensory changes
  • physiological changes
  • medications
  • alcohol
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4
Q

what factors put older patient at risk for decreased thermoregulation?

A

1) inability to respond to changes in temperature
2) inability to afford proper heating or air conditioning
3) concerns for safety that prompts older adults to lock themselves in the house

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5
Q

how does alcohol affect thermoregulation?

A

affects vasomotor responses to changes in temp

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6
Q

how do drugs affect thermoregulation?

A

1) inhibit neuromuscular activity
2) suppress metabolic heat production
3) dull sensation and awareness (tranquilizers)

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7
Q

how is neuromuscular activity related to thermoregulation?

A

it is a significant source of kinetic heat production

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8
Q

older adults are more vulnerable to temperature extremes because of

A

1) inability to sweat and shiver
2) cannot control blood supply to skin
3) inadequate hydration
4) immobility
5) inability to adjust temperatures

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9
Q

what is considered a high temperature in older adults?

A

38.3 Celsius or more

100.9 Farenheit or more

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10
Q

a difference of 1 degree in temperature is significant

A

true

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11
Q

what do high body temperatures indicate?

A

infections (bacterial, viral; sepsis)

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12
Q

ambient temperature at 90 degrees Farenheit puts older adults at higher risk for hyperthermia

A

true

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13
Q

what precipitates onset of hyperthermia?

A

excessive diuretics
low intake of fluids

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14
Q

how to prevent hyperthermia

A

1) 2-3 L of cool fluids daily
2) minimize exertion
3) use air-conditioning or fans
4) wear hats and cotton fabrics
5) apply cold and wet compresses
6) immerse hands and feet in cool water
7) evaluate their use of diuretics, pain medications, and tranquilizers

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15
Q

heat syndromes

A

1) heat exhaustion
2) heat fatigue
3) heat stroke

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16
Q

manifestations of heat fatigue

A

elevated HR

17
Q

manifestations of heat exhaustion

A
  • tachycardia
  • nausea
  • cramping
  • thirstiness
  • altered mental status (AMS)
18
Q

manifestations of heat stroke

A

flushing

hot and dry (not sweating)

quick temp elevation 104 Farenheit or greater

hypotension, hyperventilation

tachycardia

19
Q

which conditions put the older patient at higher risk for hyperthermia?

A

CV disease
diabetes
peripheral vascular disease

20
Q

define hypothermia

A

exposure to cold environmental temperatures

core temperature of less than 95 degrees Farenheit

21
Q

what are the first signs of hypothermia?

A

confusion and disorientation

22
Q

risk factors for hypothermia

A
  • impaired circulation
  • diabetes
  • adrenal or thyroid dysfunction
  • malnutrition
  • excessive alcohol use
  • inadequate housing or supervision
  • use of sedatives, anxiolytics, antidepressants
23
Q

what is correctly conducted rewarming?

A

starting from the core then work to the peripheries

24
Q

risk factors for crimes against older adults

A
  • living alone
  • memory & sensory impairments
  • loneliness
25
Q

why is available transportation important to the older adult?

A

allows them to remain independent and functional

26
Q

limited access to safe transportation leads to

A
  • social withdrawal
  • poor nutrition
  • depressive symptoms
  • health decline
27
Q

dementia can lead to abdication of driving privileges

A

true

28
Q

driving evaluations should be conducted every 6 mos. as dementia progresses

A

true

29
Q

SAFE DRIVE

A

Safety record
Attention skills
Family report
Ethanol use

Drugs
Reaction time
Intellectual impairment
Vision and visuospatial function
Executive functions

30
Q

types of assistive technology for older adults

A

GPS
Telehealth
Smart homes
MedAlert bracelets

31
Q

when do older adults lose their driving privileges?

A
  • physical limitations
  • dementia
32
Q

preventing fires and burns

Box 20.4

A
  • keep fire extinguisher in the kitchen
  • use several electrical outlets
  • wear tight-fitting clothing