Exam 2 - Chapter 13

Question 1

xerosis definition

Answer 1

extremely dry, cracked, and itchy skin

Question 2

what is the most common skin problem?

Answer 2

xerosis

Question 3

what exacerbates xerosis?

Answer 3

inadequate fluid intake

Question 4

which characteristic of older people’s skin leads to xerosis?

Answer 4

thinner epidermis

Question 5

nursing interventions for xerosis

Answer 5

• use water-laden emulsions and super-fatted soaps
• provide adequate hydration
• use mineral oil or vaseline
• avoid daily baths

Question 6

hallmark symptom of xerosis

Answer 6

pruritus

Question 7

what are other ways to relieve pruritus?

Answer 7

• cool compress
• oatmeal bath
• Epsom salt bath

Question 8

pruritus can be concurrent with which systemic disorders?

Answer 8

• renal failure
• biliary/ hepatic disease

Question 9

which interventions can help relieve pruritus?

Answer 9

• avoid using perfume
• avoid sudden temperature changes
• wear loose-fitting clothing

Question 10

purpura definition

Answer 10

extravasation of blood into the surrounding tissue

Question 11

where is purpura commonly found?

Answer 11

dorsal forearm and hands

Question 12

what causes purpura?

Answer 12

fragile dermal capillaries

Question 13

which medications can increase likelihood of purpura?

Answer 13

anticoagulants

Question 14

incidence of purpura is normal due to changes of skin in older adults

Answer 14

true

Question 15

what are the interventions for people prone to purpura?

Answer 15

wear long-sleeved pants and skirts

Question 16

what makes actinic keratosis dangerous?

Answer 16

it is a precancerous skin lesion

Question 17

how does one get actinic keratosis?

Answer 17

UV light overexposure

tanning beds

Question 18

characteristics of actinic keratosis

Answer 18

• rough
• scaly
• sandpaper-like patches
• pink to reddish brown color
• erythematous base

Question 19

actinic keratosis is painless and mildly tender

Answer 19

true

Question 20

how often should the dermatologist monitor actinic keratosis?

Answer 20

every 6-12 months

Question 21

how is actinic keratosis treated?

Answer 21

topical field therapy and physical removal

Question 22

what are the two types of keratosis (overgrowth of keratin on the skin)?

Answer 22

• actinic
• seborrheic

Question 23

seborrheic keratosis is a benign growth

Answer 23

true

Question 24

where does seborrheic keratosis usually appear on the body?

Answer 24

trunk, face, neck, scalp

Question 25

characteristics of seborrheic keratosis

Answer 25

- waxy - raised - flesh colored/ pigmented - "stuck-on" appearance

Question 26

seborrheic keratosis can be removed by a dermatologist

Answer 26

true

Question 27

how does seborrheic keratosis show up on darker skinned people?

Answer 27

as numerous small, dark, and tag-like lesions | mostly on face

Question 28

herpes zoster is a viral infection

Answer 28

true

Question 29

what is another name for HZ?

Answer 29

shingles

Question 30

which populations does HZ commonly affect?

Answer 30

- people older than 50 - immunocompromised - those who take immunosuppressive drugs

Question 31

describe HZ lesions

Answer 31

painful vesicular rashes

Question 32

where does HZ appear?

Answer 32

along dermatomes | nerve pathways

Question 33

patient education for HZ

Answer 33

get Zostavax shot when you're 60 years old and older

Question 34

oral antiviral agent for HZ

Answer 34

acyclovir

Question 35

analgesics may be administered to a patient with HZ to help relieve pain

Answer 35

true

Question 36

describe the onset of HZ before the rash occurs

Answer 36

- itching - tingling - pain | on the affected dermatome

Question 37

HZ is *highly* contagious

Answer 37

true

Question 38

acquiring HZ can lead to Postherpetic Neuralgia regardless of vaccination

Answer 38

true

Question 39

actions of Zostavax

Answer 39

- reduced likelihood of acquiring HZ - leads to a much milder case of infection

Question 40

Candidiasis is a yeast infection

Answer 40

true

Question 41

which conditions are associated with an increased risk for Candidiasis?

Answer 41

- obesity - DM - malnutrition - long-term steroid use

Question 42

where does Candida appear?

Answer 42

skin folds and mouth

Question 43

how does Candida appear in the mouth?

Answer 43

thrush | white patches

Question 44

how does Candida appear on the skin?

Answer 44

- maculopapular - glazed - red

Question 45

characteristics of advanced Candida lesions on the skin

Answer 45

- central area of papule is red/ dark or weeping - has red/ dark satellite lesions

Question 46

interventions for patients with Candidiasis

Answer 46

- keep skin clean and dry - monitor glucose levels

Question 47

PI stage 1

Answer 47

intact skin with nonblanchable erythema

Question 48

PI stage 2

Answer 48

partial-thickness loss of skin with exposed dermis

Question 49

PI stage 3

Answer 49

- adipose fat is now visible - epibole evident - slough and eschar may be visible - tunneling

Question 50

PI stage 4

Answer 50

- full-thickness skin and tissue loss - muscle and bones will be visible

Question 51

unstageable PI

Answer 51

obscuring by slough or eschar | necrosis evident

Question 52

PI is a preventable adverse event

Answer 52

true

Question 53

PI has a high occurence among which population?

Answer 53

- admitted older adults - those with orthopedics (or have undergone orthopedic procedures)

Question 54

how are PIs prevented?

Answer 54

- adequate nutrition & hydration - reduced moisture - turn often - daily skin inspection