Exam 2 - Chapter 13 Flashcards
xerosis definition
extremely dry, cracked, and itchy skin
what is the most common skin problem?
xerosis
what exacerbates xerosis?
inadequate fluid intake
which characteristic of older people’s skin leads to xerosis?
thinner epidermis
nursing interventions for xerosis
- use water-laden emulsions and super-fatted soaps
- provide adequate hydration
- use mineral oil or vaseline
- avoid daily baths
hallmark symptom of xerosis
pruritus
what are other ways to relieve pruritus?
- cool compress
- oatmeal bath
- Epsom salt bath
pruritus can be concurrent with which systemic disorders?
- renal failure
- biliary/ hepatic disease
which interventions can help relieve pruritus?
- avoid using perfume
- avoid sudden temperature changes
- wear loose-fitting clothing
purpura definition
extravasation of blood into the surrounding tissue
where is purpura commonly found?
dorsal forearm and hands
what causes purpura?
fragile dermal capillaries
which medications can increase likelihood of purpura?
anticoagulants
incidence of purpura is normal due to changes of skin in older adults
true
what are the interventions for people prone to purpura?
wear long-sleeved pants and skirts
what makes actinic keratosis dangerous?
it is a precancerous skin lesion
how does one get actinic keratosis?
UV light overexposure
tanning beds
characteristics of actinic keratosis
- rough
- scaly
- sandpaper-like patches
- pink to reddish brown color
- erythematous base
actinic keratosis is painless and mildly tender
true
how often should the dermatologist monitor actinic keratosis?
every 6-12 months
how is actinic keratosis treated?
topical field therapy and physical removal
what are the two types of keratosis (overgrowth of keratin on the skin)?
- actinic
- seborrheic
seborrheic keratosis is a benign growth
true
where does seborrheic keratosis usually appear on the body?
trunk, face, neck, scalp
characteristics of seborrheic keratosis
- waxy
- raised
- flesh colored/ pigmented
- “stuck-on” appearance
seborrheic keratosis can be removed by a dermatologist
true
how does seborrheic keratosis show up on darker skinned people?
as numerous small, dark, and tag-like lesions
mostly on face
herpes zoster is a viral infection
true
what is another name for HZ?
shingles
which populations does HZ commonly affect?
- people older than 50
- immunocompromised
- those who take immunosuppressive drugs
describe HZ lesions
painful vesicular rashes
where does HZ appear?
along dermatomes
nerve pathways
patient education for HZ
get Zostavax shot when you’re 60 years old and older
oral antiviral agent for HZ
acyclovir
analgesics may be administered to a patient with HZ to help relieve pain
true
describe the onset of HZ before the rash occurs
- itching
- tingling
- pain
on the affected dermatome
HZ is highly contagious
true
acquiring HZ can lead to Postherpetic Neuralgia regardless of vaccination
true
actions of Zostavax
- reduced likelihood of acquiring HZ
- leads to a much milder case of infection
Candidiasis is a yeast infection
true
which conditions are associated with an increased risk for Candidiasis?
- obesity
- DM
- malnutrition
- long-term steroid use
where does Candida appear?
skin folds and mouth
how does Candida appear in the mouth?
thrush
white patches
how does Candida appear on the skin?
- maculopapular
- glazed
- red
characteristics of advanced Candida lesions on the skin
- central area of papule is red/ dark or weeping
- has red/ dark satellite lesions
interventions for patients with Candidiasis
- keep skin clean and dry
- monitor glucose levels
PI stage 1
intact skin with nonblanchable erythema
PI stage 2
partial-thickness loss of skin with exposed dermis
PI stage 3
- adipose fat is now visible
- epibole evident
- slough and eschar may be visible
- tunneling
PI stage 4
- full-thickness skin and tissue loss
- muscle and bones will be visible
unstageable PI
obscuring by slough or eschar
necrosis evident
PI is a preventable adverse event
true
PI has a high occurence among which population?
- admitted older adults
- those with orthopedics (or have undergone orthopedic procedures)
how are PIs prevented?
- adequate nutrition & hydration
- reduced moisture
- turn often
- daily skin inspection
