Exam 2 - chronic illness Flashcards
characteristics of acute illness
occurs suddenly and often without warning
characteristics of chronic illness
- needs lifetime adaptation through management
- no cure
- may not always be manifested
examples of acute illness
- stroke
- MI
- hip fracture
- infection
what are the most common chronic conditions for older adults (≥ 65 years old)?
- HTN
- increased cholesterol
- arthritis
- ischemic heart disease
- diabetes
- CKD
- HF
- depression
- Alzheimer’s / Dementia
- COPD
what are the phases of chronic illness trajectory?
- preventive
- definitive
- crisis
- acute
- stable
- unstable
- downward
- dying
what is the nursing goal for a patient in the acute phase of their illness?
- stabilize the condition
- promote recovery
what is most important in managing chronic illness?
maintaining the patient in their stable phase
define frailty
the body is unable to compensate for several geriatric conditions
manifestations of frailty
- unintentional weight loss
- self-reported exhaustion
- weak grip strength
- slow walking speed
- low activity
formal diagnosis of frailty will need at least 3 manifestations
true
what are significant factors that contribute to frailty?
- diet
- physical activity
what is the best intervention for HTN?
weight loss
what is an acceptable parameter for BP in adults ≥ 60 years old?
< 150/90
what is the most common cause for hospitalization?
HF
etiology for HF
- enlarged and dilated ventricles
- weaker heart muscles
- hypercardiomyopathy
what are the nursing interventions for patients with HF?
- DO NOT give calcium channel blockers
- daily weights (AM)
- low sodium diet
- fluid restriction
- pacing & tolerance
what is the Frank-Starling Law of the heart?
the greater the filling pressure in ventricle, the greater the cardiac output
what is systolic CHF?
decreased contractility of the heart
what is diastolic CHF?
decreased filing of the heart
what are the medications used for CV diseases?
- ACEs & ARBs
- diuretics
- beta blockers