lect 1 Flashcards
gerontology
the scientific study of the process of aging and the problems of aged patients
geriatrics
branch of medicine that deals with the disease and treatment of older patients
what does older age entail biologically?
slower metabolism and lower vitals
projected population of 65+ in 2030
72 million
by 2035 there will be more older adults than children
true
which age group is the fastest growing?
85+
what is the most confusing to geriatric patients when they are hospitalized?
insurance
statistics of older adults who suffer from at least one chronic medical condition
3/4 of the population
what is biological aging?
refers to aging phenotype and external expression of one’s individual genetic makeup
what is chronological aging?
a combination of either social or biological aging
nonagenarian
adults aged 90 - 99
centenarian
adults aged 100+
primary interventions for older adults
- immunization
- high dose flu vaccine (60 mcg hemagglutinin)
- healthy behaviors
- stress management
- active social engagement
- cognitive stimulation
number 2 high priority
secondary interventions for older adults
- annual wellness visits
- screening guidelines
- prevention plan
what are the biological theories of aging?
- programmed aging
- error theories (wear & tear theory and cross-linkage theory)
examples of strategies for annual wellness visits
- mammograms
- prostate checks
- glucose checks
- eye exams
- skin screening
- colonoscopy
wear & tear theory
cells eventually “wear out” or become damaged
cross-linkage theory
damage from errors with cross-linked proteins
cross-linkages inhibit proteases and cannot destroy damaged proteins
what are the psychological theories of aging?
- activity theory
- continuity theory
- Erikson’s theory
- Peck’s theory
activity theory
continued activity, productivity, and the ability to “stay young” indicates successful aging
continuity theory
aging reflects a continuation and maintenance of the patterns of roles, responsibilities, and activities
what are the developmental theories of aging?
Maslow and Tornstam
Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs (regarding the nursing profession)
widely accepted by nursing and includes biopsychosocial needs
Tornstam’s Gerotranscendence Theory
older adults must withdraw from society to allow opportunity for self-reflection and contemplation of the meaning of life
attain wisdom
culture
referred to as the shared and learned values, beliefs, expectations, behaviors, and religion of a group of people
health disparity
differences in the state of health & health outcomes b/w groups of people
what does the prevention of an increase in ROS and free radicals entail?
slow aging process and prolonged life
what are foods that help slow aging?
- fruits and vegetables (antioxidants)
- red wine
- olive oil
what do high doses of Vit E cause?
increase the risk of hemorrhagic stroke and prostate cancer
when do mammograms start?
at 40 years old
what are factors that act as barriers to quality care?
- race
- age
- gender
- ethnicity
- sexual orientation
- location
cultural awareness
recognize factors beyond culture
cultural knowledge
essential understanding of way of life
what factors reduce health disparities?
- cultural awareness
- cultural knowledge
acculturation
minorities adopt culture of the majority
ethnicity
social difference based on culture
what are the 3 types of cultural beliefs?
- biomedical
- magico-religious
- naturalistic/ holistic
what does magico-religious believe about God?
God causes diseases but rewards with good health
what is the perception of health in holisticism?
it is a sign of balance
what are the obstacles that older adults face in seeking healthcare?
- ethnocentrism
- streotyping
- (-isms)
what are the components of designing interventions to promte health aging?
- mutually acceptable
- respect
- work with the client
what is essential to conducting a Culturally and Ethnically Sensitive Assessment?
- listening
- health beliefs
- cultural beliefs
LEARN Model
implement to provide care for various older adults
Listen (verbal & nonverbal)
Explain *(POV of situation)
Acknowledge (differences b/w perceptions & goals)
Recommend (consider both perspectives)
Negotiate (mutually acceptable plan)
what are the concepts of Erikson’s theory?
- generativity
- stagnation
- ego integrity
- despair
what are the concepts of Peck’s theory?
- ego differentiation
- work role preoccupation
- body / ego transcendence
- body / ego preoccupation
Erikson
generativity
establishing oneself as one who contributes to society in meaningful ways
Erikson
stagnation
identifying onself as restricted to that of their major role
Erikson
ego integrity
attaining a sense of completeness & cohesion of the self
Erikson
despair
a sense that one’s self no longer has purpose in life
Peck
ego differentiation
begins to define self as separate from work role
Peck
work role preoccupation
difficulty identifying oneself outside of a work role
Peck
body / ego transcendence
- physical changes are accepted as part of life
- sees themselves as part of the greater whole
body / ego preoccupation
- physical changes become their sole focus
- they think the world revolves around them
what factors should the nurse be mindful of regarding cross-cultural encounters?
- level of formality
- identified cultural, ethnic, & racial identity
- preferred language
- level of health & health literacy
- past experience with Western healthcare
- level of acculturation
- who, how, when, & what of decision making
