lect 2: ch. 8 (lab values) Flashcards

1
Q

which conditions affect results of blood tests in older adults?

A

dehydration
malnutrition
infection
inflammation

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2
Q

which levels of Hgb are considered critical?

A

<5mg
>20mg

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3
Q

what does the ESR value indicate?

A

how fast a blood coagulates

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4
Q

what may cause increased ESR in older adults?

A

chronic disease

consequential inflammation

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5
Q

what causes acute increase of ESR?

A

recent heart failure

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6
Q

what causes hypoglycemia?

A

lack of insulin and malnutrition

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7
Q

hypoglycemia is more dangerous than hyperglycemia

A

true

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8
Q

how can you counteract decreased levels of Calcium?

A

administer vitamin D

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9
Q

what causes hyponatremia?

A

low salt intake
altered ADH
increased water intake

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10
Q

what causes hypokalemia?

A

potassium-wasting medications
excess renal or GI tract loss

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11
Q

manifestations of hypokalemia

A

muscle weakness
polyuria
ECG changes

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12
Q

chronic hypokalemia indicates

A

renal tubular dysfunction

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13
Q

manifestations of hyperkalemia

A

diarrhea
ECG abnormalities
paresthesia
irritability
confusion
muscle weakness

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14
Q

manifestations of hyponatremia

A

hypotension
tachycardia
increased thirst
HA
seizure
elevated BUN and Hct

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15
Q

manifestations of hypernatremia

A

oliguria
dry mucus membranes
lethargy
elevated creatinine

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16
Q

creatinine definition

A

waste product resulting from breakdown of muscle that is produced by metabolism