Exam 2 - Chapter 14 Flashcards
which resource is best in assessing nutrition?
Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA)
what is included in a diet to manage HTN and maintain optimal weight
- fruits
- vegetables
- whole grains
- low-fat dairy
- poultry
- fish
- restricted Na+
which population does obesity affect the most?
women over 65
obesity paradox
lower mortality rates among obese older adults
fat cushions brittle bones
which factors affect nutrition?
- eating habits
- socialization
- transportation
- socioeconomic status
- chronic conditions
- oral health
BMI for overweight
25-30
BMI for obese
31-34
obesity among younger people leads to lower life expectancy
true
why do older people need less calories?
they have a slower metabolic rate
BMI for morbid obesity
35-40
obesity in older adults is acceptable due to the obesity paradox
true
how many servings of fruit and vegetables is recommended for the older adult?
5
how much carbohydrates is needed?
45% - 65%
how much fat is needed?
20% - 35%
how much protein is needed?
10% - 35%
what indicates normal nutritional status for MNA?
12-14 points
what is considered risk of malnutrition on the MNA?
8-11 points
what is considered malnourished on the MNA?
0-7 points
what questions does the MNA ask regarding nutrition?
- weight loss
- declined food intake
- suffering from stress
- occurrence of acute disease
in the last 3 months
what is the priority intervention for the older adult who is malnourished or at risk for it?
perform a nutritional assessment
what are the conditions that malnutrition puts the older adult at risk for?
- infection
- pressure ulcers
- anemia
- hip fractures
- hypotension
- impaired cognition
- increased morbidity/ mortality
how can a nurse care for an older adult in LTC with a nutritional problem?
- supervise them during meals
- provide a pleasant eating environment
- provide nutritional supplements
- assess ability to eat independently
define dysphagia
difficulty swallowing
risk factors for dysphagia
- CVA
- Parkinson’s
- neuromuscular disorders
- dementia
- head and neck cancers
- TBI
- aspiration pneumonia
- inadequate feeding technique
- poor dentition
symptoms of dysphagia
- unusual posturing while swallowing
- gurgling
- labored breathing
- chest pain
- lump in throat
- drooling
what techniques can a nurse use when feeding a patient with dysphagia?
- have them sit 90 degrees
- no rushing
- tell them to swallow twice
- offer fluids after chewing
complications of dysphagia
- weight loss
- malnutriton
- dehydration
- aspiration pneumonia
how can you prevent aspiration?
- avoid sedatives
- serve pureed foods
- keep suction readily available
PEG tubes are associated with infection, GI symptoms, and abscess
true
PEG tubes are often indicated for patients with dementia
true
