Exam 2 - Chapter 14 Flashcards

1
Q

which resource is best in assessing nutrition?

A

Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what is included in a diet to manage HTN and maintain optimal weight

A
  • fruits
  • vegetables
  • whole grains
  • low-fat dairy
  • poultry
  • fish
  • restricted Na+
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

which population does obesity affect the most?

A

women over 65

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

obesity paradox

A

lower mortality rates among obese older adults

fat cushions brittle bones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

which factors affect nutrition?

A
  • eating habits
  • socialization
  • transportation
  • socioeconomic status
  • chronic conditions
  • oral health
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

BMI for overweight

A

25-30

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

BMI for obese

A

31-34

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

obesity among younger people leads to lower life expectancy

A

true

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

why do older people need less calories?

A

they have a slower metabolic rate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

BMI for morbid obesity

A

35-40

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

obesity in older adults is acceptable due to the obesity paradox

A

true

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

how many servings of fruit and vegetables is recommended for the older adult?

A

5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

how much carbohydrates is needed?

A

45% - 65%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

how much fat is needed?

A

20% - 35%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

how much protein is needed?

A

10% - 35%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what indicates normal nutritional status for MNA?

A

12-14 points

17
Q

what is considered risk of malnutrition on the MNA?

A

8-11 points

18
Q

what is considered malnourished on the MNA?

A

0-7 points

19
Q

what questions does the MNA ask regarding nutrition?

A
  • weight loss
  • declined food intake
  • suffering from stress
  • occurrence of acute disease

in the last 3 months

20
Q

what is the priority intervention for the older adult who is malnourished or at risk for it?

A

perform a nutritional assessment

21
Q

what are the conditions that malnutrition puts the older adult at risk for?

A
  • infection
  • pressure ulcers
  • anemia
  • hip fractures
  • hypotension
  • impaired cognition
  • increased morbidity/ mortality
22
Q

how can a nurse care for an older adult in LTC with a nutritional problem?

A
  • supervise them during meals
  • provide a pleasant eating environment
  • provide nutritional supplements
  • assess ability to eat independently
23
Q

define dysphagia

A

difficulty swallowing

24
Q

risk factors for dysphagia

A
  • CVA
  • Parkinson’s
  • neuromuscular disorders
  • dementia
  • head and neck cancers
  • TBI
  • aspiration pneumonia
  • inadequate feeding technique
  • poor dentition
25
Q

symptoms of dysphagia

A
  • unusual posturing while swallowing
  • gurgling
  • labored breathing
  • chest pain
  • lump in throat
  • drooling
26
Q

what techniques can a nurse use when feeding a patient with dysphagia?

A
  • have them sit 90 degrees
  • no rushing
  • tell them to swallow twice
  • offer fluids after chewing
27
Q

complications of dysphagia

A
  • weight loss
  • malnutriton
  • dehydration
  • aspiration pneumonia
28
Q

how can you prevent aspiration?

A
  • avoid sedatives
  • serve pureed foods
  • keep suction readily available
29
Q

PEG tubes are associated with infection, GI symptoms, and abscess

A

true

30
Q

PEG tubes are often indicated for patients with dementia

A

true