lect 30

Question 1

what are the types of reactions in the atmosphere?

Answer 1

1. thermodynamic calculations
2. kinetic calculations
3. photochemical reactions
4. free radical reactions

Question 2

what are thermodynamic calculations 1?

Answer 2

Question 3

what are thermodynamic calculations 2?

Answer 3

Question 4

what are thermodynamic calculations 3?

Answer 4

Question 5

what are kinetic calculations 1?

Answer 5

Question 6

what are kinetic calculations 2?

Answer 6

Question 7

what are kinetic calculations 3?

Answer 7

Question 8

what are the principles of photochemistry?

Answer 8

Question 9

what are photochemical reactions?

Answer 9

Question 10

what are free radical reactions?

Answer 10

Question 11

what is a radical?

Answer 11

Question 12

what are radical addition reaction?

Answer 12

Question 13

what is the graph of atmospheric chemical and photochemical processes?

Answer 13

Question 14

what are the classes of aerosols?

Answer 14

-carbonaceous particles
-metal oxides and glasses (eg SiO2, Fe2O3)
-water
-dissolved ionic species (ex. SO32-), ionic solids (ex: NaCl)

Question 15

what are the processes affecting particulates?

Answer 15

-diffusion
-coagulation leading to sedimentation (dry deposition)
-scavenging by precipitation
-wet deposition (condensation with water and other vapours)
-reaction with atmospheric gases

the chief sink is wet scavenging or wet deposition

Question 16

what are the primary sources of aerosols?

Answer 16

1. dispersion aerosols
   -particles >1um such as dust
   -natural: sea spray, wind-blown, volcanic dust
   -man-made: coal grinding, quarrying, agriculture “off-road” vehicles
2. biological materials
   -outdoor air: spores, insect fragments, grains and pollen
   -indoor air: vegetable dusts, hair, skin, feathers, dander, bacteria, fungi, micro-organisms
3. combustion
   -smoke and soot from combustion of carbonaceous fuels
   -fly ash (from burning fuels with large ash content)

Question 17

what are examples of secondary sources of aerosols?

Answer 17

Question 18

what are the overall primary and secondary aerosol sources?

Answer 18

Question 19

what are organic components of aerosols?

Answer 19

Question 20

what are examples of organic components of aerosols?

Answer 20

Question 21

what is the example of terpenes of organic components of aerosols?

Answer 21

Question 22

what is the graph of a carbon soot particle?

Answer 22

Question 23

what are the methods of aerosol control for larger particulates (0.1-100um)?

Answer 23

Question 24

what are the methods of aerosol control for smaller particulates (0.01-10um)

Answer 24

Question 25

what is electrostatic precipitators?

Answer 25

wet or dry based methods

Question 26

Question 27

what is the IPCC?

Answer 27

Question 28

what are the findings of the IPCC?

Answer 28

Question 29

Question 30

what is the graph of comparing risks from rising temperature?

Answer 30

Question 31

what did a previous version state?

Answer 31

Question 32

what is the window?

Answer 32

Question 33

what are the reactions of atmospheric oxygen?

Answer 33

Question 34

what are reactions of atmospheric nitrogen?

Answer 34

Question 35

what is atmospheric water?

Answer 35

Question 36

what is the influence of the anthrosphere?

Answer 36

Question 37

what is the chemical fate and transport in atmosphere?

Answer 37