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physiology-Blood Module > lec3: Regulation of erythropoeisis > Flashcards

lec3: Regulation of erythropoeisis Flashcards

1
Q

Requirements for erythropoiesis:

A 
-Normal functioning :
 bone marrow , kidneys , liver 
 Hormones
Proteins
iron
Vitamin B12 and folic acid
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2
Q

the site of erythropoiesis is ………………….

A

Bone marrow

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3
Q

Kidneys secrete ……………….of erythropoietin hormone

A

85%

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4
Q

iron and vitamin B12 stores in

A

liver

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5
Q

where does the globin part of hemoglobin synthesizes?

A

in liver

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6
Q

liver secretes ……………….. of erythropoietin

A

10 %

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7
Q

which hormones are stimulate erythropoiesis

A

Androgens
thyroxine
glucocorticoids

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8
Q

which hormones are inhibits erythropoiesis

A

estrogen

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9
Q

why Proteins of high biological value are important in erythropoiesis?

A

to build up the globin part of Hb.

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10
Q

the principle constituent of Hb molecule……..

A

iron

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11
Q

why Vitamin B12 and Folic acid are called “Maturation factors”??

A

as they are essential for normal formation of DNA and cell division

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12
Q

Deficiency of vitamin B12 and Folic acid results in

……………………….

A

megaloblastic or macrocytic anemia

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13
Q

cofactors for the formation of Hb…………… , …………..

A

Copper and cobalt

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14
Q

the most important regulator of erythropoiesis is

A

Tissue oxygenation

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15
Q

Erythropoietin is ……………….

A

Glycoprotein

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16
Q

Erythropoietin Comes from:
❖………………. kidneys
❖ ……………….. liver

A

85-90% kidneys

15-10% liver

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17
Q

Negative feedback control of erythropoiesis

A

Hypoxia
 Stimulates
erythropoeitin production
 Increase RBCs production

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18
Q

Factors stimulating erythropoietin secretion:

A
  • Hypoxia
  • Hormones
  • Alkalosis as in high altitudes
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19
Q

Hormones stimulating erythropoietin secretion:

A

androgens (testosterone), catecholamines,
corticosteroids, growth hormone, and thyroxin increase
erythropoietin secretion

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20
Q

………………..is associated with anemia that can

be treated only by erythropoietin

A

Renal failure

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21
Q

in……………. the stem cells do not respond to erythropoietin

A

aplastic anemia

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22
Q

-Iron intake ……………

A

15-20 mg%

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23
Q

Absorbed iron ……………………………

A

(3-6%of the intake)

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24
Q

-Iron homeostasis depends on………………………………

A

control of iron absorption from the intestine (Duodenum)

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25
Q

Iron functions in the body

A

HB synthesis
myoglobin synthesis
cytochrome oxidase , peroxidase , catalase

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26
Q

total body iron ……….

A

4-5 g

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27
Q

Iron absorption in …………….

A

duodenum

28
Q

Heme absorption Through the enterocyte ………………….

A

Heme carrier protein (HCP-1)

29
Q

Iron is released from heme by …………………..

A

Heme oxygenase enzyme

30
Q

Fe2+ is transported out of the enterocyte by the …………………………………………

A

basolateral membrane protein (ferroportin)

31
Q

Ferrous iron is transported into the enterocyte with a proton via a …………………………………………

A

divalent metal transporter (DMT-1).

32
Q

Ferric is reduced by ferric reductase helped by ………………. to ferrous iron

A

HCL,

vitamin C

33
Q

Hepcidin Hormone Released from ………….when …………………..

A

liver

iron levels are high

34
Q

which hormone Inhibit ferroportin transporter?

A

Hepcidin

35
Q

Hepcidin deficiency causes……………………………….

A

tissue iron over load

36
Q

Regulation of iron absorption by

hepcidin

A 
 Hypoxia, 
erythropoeisis
Depleted iron stores 
increase iron 
absorption
 Saturated iron stores
Liver releases hepcidin
Hepcidin inhibits 
ferroportin
37
Q

Factors Increase iron absorption

A 
 Gastric acidity, vitamin C 
aids iron reduction
 Increased erythropoietic
activity e.g. bleeding,
hemolysis, high altitude.
 Increased demamd
Infancy, adolescence
38
Q

Factors Decrease iron absorption

A 
 Phytic acid, oxalates and 
phosphates form 
insoluble salts
 Iron overload
 Calcium in dairy food
39
Q

Heme iron is absorbed better than…………………..

A

inorganic iron.

40
Q

Ferrous iron is absorbed better than ……………

A

ferric iron

41
Q

Iron is transported as transferrin normally …………. saturated

A

35%

42
Q

Iron is stored as………….. in the…………………..

A

ferritin

hepatocytes

43
Q

…………… is the predominant storage form. It keeps

iron in a ………….. and …………..form

A

Ferritin
soluble
non-toxic

44
Q

Excess iron is stored as…………………….

A

hemosiderin

45
Q

Iron deficiency Can result in …………………… due to ……………………………………..

A

microcytic hypochromic anemia

decreased hemoglobin synthesis and RBC size.

46
Q

…………………and…………………… are

essential for normal formation of DNA and hence for nuclear maturation.

A

vitamin B12 and folic acid

47
Q

……………………. is absent from plant sources

A

Vitamin B12

48
Q

The minimum requirement of Vitamin B12 is ……………….

A

1-3 microgram/day

49
Q

Folic acid and vitamin B12 Absorbed in terminal ileum by ………………………

A

endocytosis

50
Q

Vitamin B12 deficiency Leads to a condition called …………….

A

pernicious anemia or megaloblastic anemia (macrocytic anemia).

51
Q

in Vitamin B12 deficiency Neurological disorders are due to ………………………..

A

progressive demyelination of nervous tissue

52
Q

pernicious anemia……………………………………………….

A

 Large immature erythrocytes

53
Q

…………………. is the site for blood cells production.

A

Bone marrow

54
Q

………………….. is the most essential regulator of RBC production and erythropoietin

A

Tissue hypoxia

55
Q

………….. is the principle stimulus for RBCs production in low O2 states,

A

Erythropoietin hormone

56
Q

………………of Erythropoietin hormone comes from the kidneys

A

85-90%

57
Q

Anemia occurs in ……………………………..

A

kidney diseases

58
Q

High altitude, lung diseases, anemia, poor blood flow and relative lack of oxygen in athletes lead to…………..and stimulate……………………………..

A

hypoxia

erythropoietin hormone secretion

59
Q

………………… forms the heme part of Hb

A

Iron

60
Q

iron is absorbed from the intestine helped by …………….

A

gastric

61
Q

HCL and Vitamin c is carried as ……………

A

transferrin

62
Q

HCL and Vitamin c is stored as ……….and…………..

A

ferritin and hemosiderin.

63
Q

Vitamin B12 absorption depends on the presence of the…………. secreted from the parietal cells in the stomach.

A

intrinsic factor

64
Q

…………….. is important for myelin sheath production

A

Vitamin B12

65
Q

Healthy bone marrow and normal liver and kidneys are essential for ……………………….

A

erythropoiesis

physiology-Blood Module (14 decks)

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