LEC INTRODUCTION TO GENERAL PATHOLOGY AND HISTOTECHNIQUES

Question 1

According to him, all diseases starts from a cellular level

Answer 1

Rudolph Virchow

Question 2

Study of cellular abnormalities, involves the diagnosis and studies of diseases

Answer 2

PATHOLOGY

Question 3

It comes from the greek word “oto” meaning one cell and “opsis” meaning site, or seeing with your own eyes

Answer 3

AUTOPSY/NECROPSY/POST MORTEM EXAMINATION

Question 4

AUTOPSY is done because of

Answer 4

CAUSE OF DEATH
PATHOGENESIS OF A DISEASE
EPIDEMIOLOGIC PURPOSES
GENETIC LINKAGE OF DEATH
FAMILY COUNSEL

Question 5

Study of cell, tissues and organs coming from a living organisms

Answer 5

BIOPSY

Question 6

BIOPSY process is done through

Answer 6

EXCISION- whole part of the lesion
INCISION- small part of the lesions by surgical means
SCRAPINGS-from the surface membrane of organs

Question 7

This means getting the cause/reason of the disease

Answer 7

ETIOLOGY

Question 8

It is the mechanism of development/progression of the disease

Answer 8

PATHOGENESIS

Question 9

It is the structural alteration of the disease

Answer 9

MORPHOLOGIC CHANGES

Question 10

Functional consequences of a disease

Answer 10

CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE

Question 11

This physician interprets and diagnoses the changes caused by the diseases in the body

Answer 11

PATHOLOGIST

Question 12

This person aids in the diagnosis of diseases

Answer 12

MEDICAL TECHNOLOGIST

Question 13

What are the 2 types of pathology?

Answer 13

GENERAL-basic reaction of cells and tissues to abnormal stimuli that underlies on a disease
ex. Cancer
SYSTEMIC-specific responses of specialized organs or tissues
ex. Breast Cancer

Question 14

It is the macroscopic examination of the samples
Physical Appearance, Color, Dimensions, Consistency

Answer 14

GROSS PATHOLOGY

Question 15

It is the interrelationships of the microscopic structures
Changes in function, Structure, Appearance of organs or tissues (PME, Biopsy)

Answer 15

ANATOMIC PATHOLOGY

Question 16

It deals with the pathology of the disease processes surgically (macroscopic and microscopic)
Gross Appearance, Histology

Answer 16

SURGICAL PATHOLOGY

Question 17

Study of tissues

Answer 17

HISTOLOGY

Question 18

It deals with the pathology of the disease processes surgically (macroscopic and microscopic) from a cadaver
Gross Appearance, Histology

Answer 18

AUTOPSY PATHOLOGY

Question 19

The process of removing dead cells through exfoliation (desquamated cells)

Answer 19

EXFOLIATIVE CYTOLOGY

Question 20

It is the identification and interpretation of the changes of the diseases through examination of the ff:
Blood, Bodily Fluids, Lesions etc

Answer 20

CLINICAL PATHOLOGY

Question 21

What are the divisions of Clinical Pathology

Answer 21

Clinical Chemistry- study of analytes that is present in the samples
Hematology- assessment of a cellular element to identify diseases
Blood banking/Immunohematology- transfusion medicine, checking of compatibility and safety of donors blood with the recipient
Microbiology- study of bacterias, viruses, fungi and parasites
Clinical Immunology and Serology- Infectious diseases diagnosis by detection of Antibodies in serum and other bodily fluids

Question 22

It deals with the art and science which is perform by histotechnologist producing in good quality of tissue section to be examine by the pathologist to accurately diagnose a disease

Answer 22

HISTOTECHNOLOGY

Question 23

Deals with different steps of preparation of tissue for microscopic examination

Answer 23

HISTOPATHOLOGIC TECHNIQUES

Question 24

Branch of biology that studies the microscopic anatomy of the biological tissues

Answer 24

HISTOLOGY

Question 25

Branch of biology that studies the macroscopic anatomy of the biological tissues

Answer 25

GROSS ANATOMY

Question 26

4 Basic tissue types of the body

Answer 26

MUSCLE TISSUE- for contraction, formed by myogenesis (cardiac muscle, skeletal muscle, smooth muscle)
NERVOUS TISSUE- aka neural tissues, CNS (brain and spinal cord) and PNS (peripheral nerves), mainly composed of neurons (receiving and transmitting of nerve impulses), neuroglial cells (helps in assist in propagation of nerve impulses and provide nutrients to neurons)
CONNECTIVE TISSUE- 3 main components of CT fibers, ground substances , cells. General connective tissue (Loose connective tissue highest in ground substances, Irregular dense connective tissue, Regular dense connective tissue) Special connective tissue (cartilage, bone, blood, lymph and hematopoetic tissue). CT developed from the mesoderm
EPITHELIAL TISSUE- lines outer surfaces, Classes of ET (Squamous- flat and scale like cells that is wider than their height, usually lining the mouth, esophagus and blood vessels) (Cuboidal- square in appeareance/cubed shape, for secretion and excretion purposes, mainly found in kidney, salivary glands and pancreas) (Columnar- elongated, mainly for absorption, secretion and excretion mainly found in the respiratory system)

Question 27

LAYERS OF THE EPITHELIAL TISSUE

Answer 27

Simple- one layer
Stratified- two or more layers
Pseudostratified- false layering (one layer only but looks like it has a multiple layer)

Question 28

Type of muscle tissue for voluntary response

Answer 28

Skeletal Muscle

Question 29

What type of epithelial muscle lines the trachea?

Answer 29

Ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium