LEC INTRODUCTION TO GENERAL PATHOLOGY AND HISTOTECHNIQUES Flashcards
According to him, all diseases starts from a cellular level
Rudolph Virchow
Study of cellular abnormalities, involves the diagnosis and studies of diseases
PATHOLOGY
It comes from the greek word “oto” meaning one cell and “opsis” meaning site, or seeing with your own eyes
AUTOPSY/NECROPSY/POST MORTEM EXAMINATION
AUTOPSY is done because of
CAUSE OF DEATH
PATHOGENESIS OF A DISEASE
EPIDEMIOLOGIC PURPOSES
GENETIC LINKAGE OF DEATH
FAMILY COUNSEL
Study of cell, tissues and organs coming from a living organisms
BIOPSY
BIOPSY process is done through
EXCISION- whole part of the lesion
INCISION- small part of the lesions by surgical means
SCRAPINGS-from the surface membrane of organs
This means getting the cause/reason of the disease
ETIOLOGY
It is the mechanism of development/progression of the disease
PATHOGENESIS
It is the structural alteration of the disease
MORPHOLOGIC CHANGES
Functional consequences of a disease
CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE
This physician interprets and diagnoses the changes caused by the diseases in the body
PATHOLOGIST
This person aids in the diagnosis of diseases
MEDICAL TECHNOLOGIST
What are the 2 types of pathology?
GENERAL-basic reaction of cells and tissues to abnormal stimuli that underlies on a disease
ex. Cancer
SYSTEMIC-specific responses of specialized organs or tissues
ex. Breast Cancer
It is the macroscopic examination of the samples
Physical Appearance, Color, Dimensions, Consistency
GROSS PATHOLOGY
It is the interrelationships of the microscopic structures
Changes in function, Structure, Appearance of organs or tissues (PME, Biopsy)
ANATOMIC PATHOLOGY
It deals with the pathology of the disease processes surgically (macroscopic and microscopic)
Gross Appearance, Histology
SURGICAL PATHOLOGY
Study of tissues
HISTOLOGY
It deals with the pathology of the disease processes surgically (macroscopic and microscopic) from a cadaver
Gross Appearance, Histology
AUTOPSY PATHOLOGY
The process of removing dead cells through exfoliation (desquamated cells)
EXFOLIATIVE CYTOLOGY
It is the identification and interpretation of the changes of the diseases through examination of the ff:
Blood, Bodily Fluids, Lesions etc
CLINICAL PATHOLOGY
What are the divisions of Clinical Pathology
Clinical Chemistry- study of analytes that is present in the samples
Hematology- assessment of a cellular element to identify diseases
Blood banking/Immunohematology- transfusion medicine, checking of compatibility and safety of donors blood with the recipient
Microbiology- study of bacterias, viruses, fungi and parasites
Clinical Immunology and Serology- Infectious diseases diagnosis by detection of Antibodies in serum and other bodily fluids
It deals with the art and science which is perform by histotechnologist producing in good quality of tissue section to be examine by the pathologist to accurately diagnose a disease
HISTOTECHNOLOGY
Deals with different steps of preparation of tissue for microscopic examination
HISTOPATHOLOGIC TECHNIQUES
Branch of biology that studies the microscopic anatomy of the biological tissues
HISTOLOGY
Branch of biology that studies the macroscopic anatomy of the biological tissues
GROSS ANATOMY
4 Basic tissue types of the body
MUSCLE TISSUE- for contraction, formed by myogenesis (cardiac muscle, skeletal muscle, smooth muscle)
NERVOUS TISSUE- aka neural tissues, CNS (brain and spinal cord) and PNS (peripheral nerves), mainly composed of neurons (receiving and transmitting of nerve impulses), neuroglial cells (helps in assist in propagation of nerve impulses and provide nutrients to neurons)
CONNECTIVE TISSUE- 3 main components of CT fibers, ground substances , cells. General connective tissue (Loose connective tissue highest in ground substances, Irregular dense connective tissue, Regular dense connective tissue) Special connective tissue (cartilage, bone, blood, lymph and hematopoetic tissue). CT developed from the mesoderm
EPITHELIAL TISSUE- lines outer surfaces, Classes of ET (Squamous- flat and scale like cells that is wider than their height, usually lining the mouth, esophagus and blood vessels) (Cuboidal- square in appeareance/cubed shape, for secretion and excretion purposes, mainly found in kidney, salivary glands and pancreas) (Columnar- elongated, mainly for absorption, secretion and excretion mainly found in the respiratory system)
LAYERS OF THE EPITHELIAL TISSUE
Simple- one layer
Stratified- two or more layers
Pseudostratified- false layering (one layer only but looks like it has a multiple layer)
Type of muscle tissue for voluntary response
Skeletal Muscle
What type of epithelial muscle lines the trachea?
Ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium
