LAB BASIC HISTOLOGY AND MORPHOLOGIC PATTERN OF CELLULAR INJURY Flashcards
It is the study of normal tissues and the arrangement of organs
HISTOLOGY
3 Germ Layers
Ectoderm-Nervous system, Epidermal Skin Cells
Endoderm- Digestive System and Internal Organs
Mesoderm- Muscle cells and Connective Tissues
It is a group of cells of common origin and common function
TISSUE
What are the 4 categories of tissues
Epithelial tissues
Connective tissues
Muscular Tissues
Nervous Tissues
2 types of Epithelial Tissues
Covering Epithelia- absence of blood vessels
Glandular Epithelia-
Types of Covering Epithelia
Simple- one cell thick
Pseudostratified- appear to be more than one cell thick
Stratified- many layers
Squamous- flattened
Cuboidal- cube like
Columnar- cells are taller than they are wide
Transitional- cells that change their shape when stretched
Where can you found Simple squamous cells
Bowman’s capsule
Endothelium of blood vessel
Loop of Henle
Alveoli of lungs
Where can you found simple cuboidal cells
Walls of thyroid
Ducts of glands
Where can you found simple columnar cells
Gall Bladder- Non Ciliated
Uterine tube- Ciliated
Where can you found Stratified Squamous cells
Epidermis (Keratinized)
Vagina (Non-Keratinized)
Esophagus (Non-Keratinized)
Cervix (Non-Keratinized)
Where can you found Stratified Cuboidal cells
Sweat Gland Ducts
Where can you found Stratified Columnar cells
Male Urethra
Where can you found Stratified Transitional cells
Urinary Tract, specifically in the Urinary Bladder
Where can you found Pseudo-stratified cells
Female reproductive tract (Non-ciliated)
Trachea (Ciliated)
What are the types of gland under Exocrine
Tubular
Acinar/Alveolar
Tubulo-acinar
Where can you found Tubular glands
Stomach
Uterus
Where can you found Acinar/Alveolar glands
Pancreas
Salivary Glands
Where can you found Tubulo-Acinar glands
Prostate
Salivary Glands
Simple Tubular
Mucus glands of the colon
Branched Tubular
Glands in the Uterus
Stomach
Coiled Tubular
Sweat Glands
Acinar/Alveolar
Small mucous glands around the urethra
Branched Acinar
Sebaceous glands
Compound Tubular
Submucosal gland in the duodenum
Compound Acinar/Alveolar
Pancreas
Exocrine
Compound Tubuloacinar
Salivary glands
Methods of Endocrine secretion of glands
Merocrine- no cytoplasm loss, ex. Goblet cells & sweat glands
Apocrine- loss of cytoplasm, ex. Mammary glands in milk secretion
Holocrine- complete breakdown of secretory cell, ex. Sebaceous glands
Cells are usually widely separated by a large amount of intracellular substance
Connective Tissues
General Connective Tissues
Loose Connective Tissues
Dense Connective Tissue
Loose Connective Tissue
Mucoid tissues: Wharton’s jelly
Reticular: Bone marrow, lymph node
Mesenchyme: Embryo and fetus
Adipose: Hypodermis
Dense Connective Tissue
Dermis
Capsules of organs
Tendons
Stroma of cornea
Types of Dense Connective Tissue
Regular
Irregular
Special Connective Tissues
Cartilage
Bone
Hematopoietic
Blood
Lymph
Types of Cartilage under Special Connective Tissue
Hyaline- Trachea
Fibrous- Intervetebral discs
Elastic- External ear, epiglottis
Types of Bone under Special Connective Tissue
Cancellous/Spongy- Epiphysis or ends of long bones
Compact- Diaphysis or shaft of compact bone
Types of Hematopoietic tissues under Special Connective Tissue
Myeloid- Boner Marrow
Lymphoid- Spleen
Types of Hematopoietic tissues under Special Connective Tissue
Myeloid- Boner Marrow
Lymphoid- Spleen
What are the types of tissues under Muscle Tissue
Smooth- Involuntary, intestinal tracts and blood vessels
Striated- Voluntary, skeletal muscles
Cardiac- Involuntary, heart w/ striation
What are the systems under Nervous System
Central Nervous System- Brain and Spinal Cord
Peripheral Nervous System- Peripheral nerves
Special receptors- eye, ear and nose
Types of Cellular Injury
Reversible cell injury
Cell death
It results when cells are stressed so severely that they are no longer able to adapt and is exposed to inherently damaging agents or suffer from intrinsic abnormalities
CELLULAR INJURY
Causes of cellular injury
Oxygen deprivation
Physical agents
Chemical agents and drugs
Infectious agents
Immunologic reactions
Genetic derangements
Nutrional imbalances
Reduced aerobic oxidative respiration
HYPOXIA
Inadequate oxygenation of blood due to cardiorespiratory failure
ISCHEMIA
It is the hydropic change or vacuolar degeneration of cells, it is the first manifestation of almost all forms of injury
Cellular Swelling
Manifested by the appearance of lipid vacuoles in the cytoplasm, dependent on fat metabolism. This is often seen in the liver.
Fatty Change/Steatosis
Focal accumulations of cholesterol-laden macrophages in the Lamina Propia of the gall bladder
CHOLESTEROLOSIS
Muscle cells and macrophages within the intimal layer of aorta and large arteries are filled with lipid vacuoles
ATHEROSCLEROSIS
Intracellular accumulation of cholesterol within macrophages
XANTHOMA
Alteration within the cells or in the extracellular space that gives a homogenous glassy pink appearance in routine histologic examinations
HYALINE CHANGE
It is an insoluble pigment also known as Lipochrome or Wear and Tear
Lipofuscin
Melanin is form when __________ catalyzes the oxidation of tyrosine to dihydroxyphenylalanine in melanocytes
TYROSINASE
