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MTAP 2 HISTOPATHOLOGIC and CYTOLOGIC TECHNIQUES > LAB BASIC HISTOLOGY AND MORPHOLOGIC PATTERN OF CELLULAR INJURY > Flashcards

LAB BASIC HISTOLOGY AND MORPHOLOGIC PATTERN OF CELLULAR INJURY Flashcards

1
Q

It is the study of normal tissues and the arrangement of organs

A

HISTOLOGY

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2
Q

3 Germ Layers

A

Ectoderm-Nervous system, Epidermal Skin Cells
Endoderm- Digestive System and Internal Organs
Mesoderm- Muscle cells and Connective Tissues

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3
Q

It is a group of cells of common origin and common function

A

TISSUE

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4
Q

What are the 4 categories of tissues

A

Epithelial tissues
Connective tissues
Muscular Tissues
Nervous Tissues

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5
Q

2 types of Epithelial Tissues

A

Covering Epithelia- absence of blood vessels
Glandular Epithelia-

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6
Q

Types of Covering Epithelia

A

Simple- one cell thick
Pseudostratified- appear to be more than one cell thick
Stratified- many layers
Squamous- flattened
Cuboidal- cube like
Columnar- cells are taller than they are wide
Transitional- cells that change their shape when stretched

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7
Q

Where can you found Simple squamous cells

A

Bowman’s capsule
Endothelium of blood vessel
Loop of Henle
Alveoli of lungs

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8
Q

Where can you found simple cuboidal cells

A

Walls of thyroid
Ducts of glands

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9
Q

Where can you found simple columnar cells

A

Gall Bladder- Non Ciliated
Uterine tube- Ciliated

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10
Q

Where can you found Stratified Squamous cells

A

Epidermis (Keratinized)
Vagina (Non-Keratinized)
Esophagus (Non-Keratinized)
Cervix (Non-Keratinized)

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11
Q

Where can you found Stratified Cuboidal cells

A

Sweat Gland Ducts

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12
Q

Where can you found Stratified Columnar cells

A

Male Urethra

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13
Q

Where can you found Stratified Transitional cells

A

Urinary Tract, specifically in the Urinary Bladder

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14
Q

Where can you found Pseudo-stratified cells

A

Female reproductive tract (Non-ciliated)
Trachea (Ciliated)

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15
Q

What are the types of gland under Exocrine

A

Tubular
Acinar/Alveolar
Tubulo-acinar

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16
Q

Where can you found Tubular glands

A

Stomach
Uterus

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17
Q

Where can you found Acinar/Alveolar glands

A

Pancreas
Salivary Glands

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18
Q

Where can you found Tubulo-Acinar glands

A

Prostate
Salivary Glands

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19
Q

Simple Tubular

A

Mucus glands of the colon

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20
Q

Branched Tubular

A

Glands in the Uterus
Stomach

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21
Q

Coiled Tubular

A

Sweat Glands

22
Q

Acinar/Alveolar

A

Small mucous glands around the urethra

23
Q

Branched Acinar

A

Sebaceous glands

24
Q

Compound Tubular

A

Submucosal gland in the duodenum

25
Q

Compound Acinar/Alveolar

A

Pancreas
Exocrine

26
Q

Compound Tubuloacinar

A

Salivary glands

27
Q

Methods of Endocrine secretion of glands

A

Merocrine- no cytoplasm loss, ex. Goblet cells & sweat glands
Apocrine- loss of cytoplasm, ex. Mammary glands in milk secretion
Holocrine- complete breakdown of secretory cell, ex. Sebaceous glands

28
Q

Cells are usually widely separated by a large amount of intracellular substance

A

Connective Tissues

29
Q

General Connective Tissues

A

Loose Connective Tissues
Dense Connective Tissue

30
Q

Loose Connective Tissue

A

Mucoid tissues: Wharton’s jelly
Reticular: Bone marrow, lymph node
Mesenchyme: Embryo and fetus
Adipose: Hypodermis

31
Q

Dense Connective Tissue

A

Dermis
Capsules of organs
Tendons
Stroma of cornea

32
Q

Types of Dense Connective Tissue

A

Regular
Irregular

33
Q

Special Connective Tissues

A

Cartilage
Bone
Hematopoietic
Blood
Lymph

34
Q

Types of Cartilage under Special Connective Tissue

A

Hyaline- Trachea
Fibrous- Intervetebral discs
Elastic- External ear, epiglottis

35
Q

Types of Bone under Special Connective Tissue

A

Cancellous/Spongy- Epiphysis or ends of long bones
Compact- Diaphysis or shaft of compact bone

36
Q

Types of Hematopoietic tissues under Special Connective Tissue

A

Myeloid- Boner Marrow
Lymphoid- Spleen

37
Q

Types of Hematopoietic tissues under Special Connective Tissue

A

Myeloid- Boner Marrow
Lymphoid- Spleen

38
Q

What are the types of tissues under Muscle Tissue

A

Smooth- Involuntary, intestinal tracts and blood vessels
Striated- Voluntary, skeletal muscles
Cardiac- Involuntary, heart w/ striation

39
Q

What are the systems under Nervous System

A

Central Nervous System- Brain and Spinal Cord
Peripheral Nervous System- Peripheral nerves
Special receptors- eye, ear and nose

40
Q

Types of Cellular Injury

A

Reversible cell injury
Cell death

41
Q

It results when cells are stressed so severely that they are no longer able to adapt and is exposed to inherently damaging agents or suffer from intrinsic abnormalities

A

CELLULAR INJURY

42
Q

Causes of cellular injury

A

Oxygen deprivation
Physical agents
Chemical agents and drugs
Infectious agents
Immunologic reactions
Genetic derangements
Nutrional imbalances

43
Q

Reduced aerobic oxidative respiration

A

HYPOXIA

44
Q

Inadequate oxygenation of blood due to cardiorespiratory failure

A

ISCHEMIA

45
Q

It is the hydropic change or vacuolar degeneration of cells, it is the first manifestation of almost all forms of injury

A

Cellular Swelling

46
Q

Manifested by the appearance of lipid vacuoles in the cytoplasm, dependent on fat metabolism. This is often seen in the liver.

A

Fatty Change/Steatosis

47
Q

Focal accumulations of cholesterol-laden macrophages in the Lamina Propia of the gall bladder

A

CHOLESTEROLOSIS

48
Q

Muscle cells and macrophages within the intimal layer of aorta and large arteries are filled with lipid vacuoles

A

ATHEROSCLEROSIS

49
Q

Intracellular accumulation of cholesterol within macrophages

A

XANTHOMA

50
Q

Alteration within the cells or in the extracellular space that gives a homogenous glassy pink appearance in routine histologic examinations

A

HYALINE CHANGE

51
Q

It is an insoluble pigment also known as Lipochrome or Wear and Tear

A

Lipofuscin

52
Q

Melanin is form when __________ catalyzes the oxidation of tyrosine to dihydroxyphenylalanine in melanocytes

A

TYROSINASE

MTAP 2 HISTOPATHOLOGIC and CYTOLOGIC TECHNIQUES (13 decks)

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