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MTAP 2 HISTOPATHOLOGIC and CYTOLOGIC TECHNIQUES > LAB LABORATORY SAFETY, INST AND QM > Flashcards

LAB LABORATORY SAFETY, INST AND QM Flashcards

1
Q

Art of analyzing and interpreting the shapes, sizes and architectural patterns of cells and tissues within a given specific clinical background

A

HISTOPATHOLOGY

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2
Q

Activities under Histopathology

A

PRE ANALYTICAL- before the analysis specimens are prepared in this phase
ANALYTICAL- slide reading of the pathologist
POST ANALYTICAL- Delivery of the reports, disposal and storage of the specimens

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3
Q

Process of ensuring and maintaining personal as well as environmental health and safety in the laboratory

A

RISK MANAGEMENT

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4
Q

What are the steps in risk management

A

Identify the ff hazards
ELECTRICAL
MECHANICAL
BIOLOGICAL

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5
Q

What does SOP stands for?

A

Standard Operating Procedure

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6
Q

What are the common hazards in our laboratory

A

Sharps Hazard, in Histopathology Microtome accident often happens

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7
Q

This person develops a system wherein all incidents and accidents are recorded

A

RISK MANAGER

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8
Q

What should be done for a suspected low quality reagent with poorly labelled tag?

A

Subject for disposal

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9
Q

What does MSDS stand for?

A

Material Safety Data Sheet- all information of the reagents and chemicals

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10
Q

What are the general safety precautions in the laboratory?

A

Protect hands and forearms by wearing PPE
Handwashing before and after lab activities
Involvement of toxic substances will require the need to use fumes hoods
Use forceps for sharps handling
Hand protection for extreme hazardous procedures
Laboratory accidents must be documented and investigated with incident reports and industrial reports

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11
Q

What are the types of Hazards in histopathology?

A

Chemical
Physical
Biological

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12
Q

This type of hazard has a potential exposure to chemicals and reagents

A

Chemical Hazard

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13
Q

Examples of Chemical Hazard

A

Cleaning agents, disinfectant, drugs, anesthetic gases, solvents, paints and compressed gasses

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14
Q

What are the classes of Chemical Hazards

A

Explosives- Picric Acid, Silver solutions
Oxidizers- Sodium Iodate, Mercuric Oxide, Mercuric Acid
Permissible Exposure Limits- limit to the amount of concentration of a substance in the air
Threshold Limit Values/ Recommended Exposure Limits- average airborne concentration of a hazardous material for a healthy person for 8hrs/day or 40hrs/week
Occupational Exposure Limits-

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15
Q

What are the informations needed in labelling Chemical Hazards?

A

Chemical Name
Manufacturer’s name
Date purchased and made
Expiration date
Hazard warnings and safety procedures

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16
Q

What are the different types of Chemicals?

A

Irritants
Corrosive
Sensitizers
Carcinogens
Toxic Materials

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17
Q

It is a type of chemical that may cause reversible inflammatory effects at the site of contact specially skin, eyes and respiratory passages

A

IRRITANTS CHEMICALS

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18
Q

It is a type of chemical that causes destruction or irreversible alterations when exposed to living tissue or destroy certain inanimate surfaces

A

CORROSIVE CHEMICALS
Ex. Nitric Acids, Sulfuric Acid, Sodium Hydroxide, Hydrogen Peroxide

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19
Q

It is a type of chemical that may occur because of the high exposure level

A

SENSITIZERS CHEMICAL
Ex. Formaldehyde, Latex, Toulene

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20
Q

It is a type of chemical that may cause cancers, induce tumors in both animals and humans

A

CARCINOGENS
Ex. Chloroform, Chromic Acid, Formaldehyde, Nickel Chloride, Potassium Dichromate, Basic Fuchsin, d-amino-Benzidine

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21
Q

It is a type of chemical which is capable of death by ingestion, skin contact or inhalation at a certain specified concentrations

A

TOXIC MATERIALS
Ex. Methanol, Chromic Acid, Osmium Tetroxide, Uranyl Nitrate

22
Q

This type of hazard is the ergonomic of lifting, pulling, pushing and other repetitive tasks

A

PHYSICAL HAZARD

23
Q

Slips and Falls are common in what type of hazard?

A

Physical Hazard

24
Q

These are physical hazard that is often left unnoticed

A

Electrical, Mechanical, Acoustic and Thermal Hazard

25
Q

This type of hazard can cause disease in humans regardless of the source

A

BIOLOGICAL HAZARDS

26
Q

What are the examples of Biological Hazards?

A

Infectious Agents
Contaminated solutions
Specimens
Objects
Allergens
Molds
Fungi

27
Q

It is the most important health hazard that is often overlooked

A

ALLERGENS

28
Q

This particular device is used by Pathologist and Histotechnologist for viewing of specimens

A

MICROSCOPE

29
Q

_______________ is the one who examines and identifies the disease under the microscope

A

PATHOLOGIST

30
Q

_______________________ examines the same slide microscopically for quality control to determine whether all technical processes are done properly

A

HISTOTECHNOLOGISTS

31
Q

The following aspects are needed for a good quality microscope

A

Must magnify object
Must resolve the details of the object
Must make the details visible

32
Q

It is one the most commonly used microscope in the laboratory

A

COMPOUND MICROSCOPE

33
Q

BASIC PARTS OF THE MICROSCOPE

A

Base- provides support
Arm- support and hold the magnifying system/handle
Stage- platform where the slides are placed
Substage- located directly under the stage which holds the condenser and diaphragm
Mechanical stage- permits the movement of the stage while holding the slide
Condenser- moved up and down
Diaphragm- left and right

34
Q

TYPES OF EYEPIECE

A

MONOCULAR
BINOCULAR
TRINOCULAR

35
Q

What are the types of objective lens magnification

A

4x RED- SCANNER
10x YELLOW- LOW POWER OBJECTIVE
20x GREEN-
40x BLUE- HIGH POWER OBJECTIVE
100x GRAY/WHITE- OIL IMMERSION OBJECTIVE

36
Q

TOTAL MAGNIFICATION FORMULA

A

Objective in focus X Eyepiece in focus
Ex. 4x x 10x = 40x

37
Q

The focus remains intact even after switching into higher objectives

A

PARFOCAL

38
Q

This type of microscope has the light either passed through or reflected of a specimen, having a bright background and the specimen is dark

A

BRIGHT FIELD MICROSCOPE

39
Q

This microscope is used to observe unstained and transparent samples causing them to be clearly visible and appear brightly lit against a dark almost purely black background

A

DARK FIELD MICROSCOPE
Ex. Treponema pallidum, Leptospira, Campylobacter jejuni, Endospore

40
Q

This type of microscopy enhances the contrast of transparent and colorless objects by influencing the optical path of light, used in diagnosis of tumor cells

A

PHASE CONTRAST MICROSCOPY

41
Q

This type of microscopy improves the quality of the image of an anisotropic character obtained with the birefringement materials when compared to other techniques

A

POLARIZED MICROSCOPY

42
Q

2 ESSENTIAL COMPONENTS OF POLARIZED MICROSCOPY

A

POLARIZER- below with east- west direction
ANALYZER- above with north-south direction

43
Q

2 ESSENTIAL COMPONENTS OF POLARIZED MICROSCOPY

A

POLARIZER
ANALYZER

44
Q

In this type of microscope wavelengths of light ranging from ultraviolet to visible is used cause samples to fluoresce and allow viewing by eye or sensitive cameras

A

FLUORESCENCE MICROSCOPE

45
Q

STAINS AND ITS USES FOR FLUORESCENCE MICROSCOPY

A

Auramine Rhodamine-yellow-Tubercle bacilli
Acridine Orange R-orange red for RNA and yellow green for DNA

46
Q

This type of microscope uses a beam of highly energetic electrons to examine objects on a very fine scale. This can yield the information about the morphology and composition

A

ELECTRON MICROSCOPE

47
Q

TYPES OF ELECTRON MICROSCOPE

A

Transmission Electron Microscope- 2D Image/Flat Image
Scanning Electron Microscope- surfaces of microorganisms

48
Q

A degree to which healthcare services strive to provide accurate desired outcomes for patients and are consistent with current professional knowledge

A

QUALITY

49
Q

It is the freedom from accidental injury

A

SAFETY

50
Q

Checking of activities routinely

A

QUALITY CONTROL

51
Q

Planned system of review procedures conducted by a personnel not directly involved in the laboratory process

A

QUALITY ASSURANCE

52
Q

Two distinct systems of Quality Assurance

A

Selective system- stained preparations from departamental archival records are used to assess the quality of staining
Distributive system- participatin laboratories are asked to stain sections that have been submitted by the scheme organizer

MTAP 2 HISTOPATHOLOGIC and CYTOLOGIC TECHNIQUES (13 decks)

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