LAB LABORATORY SAFETY, INST AND QM Flashcards
Art of analyzing and interpreting the shapes, sizes and architectural patterns of cells and tissues within a given specific clinical background
HISTOPATHOLOGY
Activities under Histopathology
PRE ANALYTICAL- before the analysis specimens are prepared in this phase
ANALYTICAL- slide reading of the pathologist
POST ANALYTICAL- Delivery of the reports, disposal and storage of the specimens
Process of ensuring and maintaining personal as well as environmental health and safety in the laboratory
RISK MANAGEMENT
What are the steps in risk management
Identify the ff hazards
ELECTRICAL
MECHANICAL
BIOLOGICAL
What does SOP stands for?
Standard Operating Procedure
What are the common hazards in our laboratory
Sharps Hazard, in Histopathology Microtome accident often happens
This person develops a system wherein all incidents and accidents are recorded
RISK MANAGER
What should be done for a suspected low quality reagent with poorly labelled tag?
Subject for disposal
What does MSDS stand for?
Material Safety Data Sheet- all information of the reagents and chemicals
What are the general safety precautions in the laboratory?
Protect hands and forearms by wearing PPE
Handwashing before and after lab activities
Involvement of toxic substances will require the need to use fumes hoods
Use forceps for sharps handling
Hand protection for extreme hazardous procedures
Laboratory accidents must be documented and investigated with incident reports and industrial reports
What are the types of Hazards in histopathology?
Chemical
Physical
Biological
This type of hazard has a potential exposure to chemicals and reagents
Chemical Hazard
Examples of Chemical Hazard
Cleaning agents, disinfectant, drugs, anesthetic gases, solvents, paints and compressed gasses
What are the classes of Chemical Hazards
Explosives- Picric Acid, Silver solutions
Oxidizers- Sodium Iodate, Mercuric Oxide, Mercuric Acid
Permissible Exposure Limits- limit to the amount of concentration of a substance in the air
Threshold Limit Values/ Recommended Exposure Limits- average airborne concentration of a hazardous material for a healthy person for 8hrs/day or 40hrs/week
Occupational Exposure Limits-
What are the informations needed in labelling Chemical Hazards?
Chemical Name
Manufacturer’s name
Date purchased and made
Expiration date
Hazard warnings and safety procedures
What are the different types of Chemicals?
Irritants
Corrosive
Sensitizers
Carcinogens
Toxic Materials
It is a type of chemical that may cause reversible inflammatory effects at the site of contact specially skin, eyes and respiratory passages
IRRITANTS CHEMICALS
It is a type of chemical that causes destruction or irreversible alterations when exposed to living tissue or destroy certain inanimate surfaces
CORROSIVE CHEMICALS
Ex. Nitric Acids, Sulfuric Acid, Sodium Hydroxide, Hydrogen Peroxide
It is a type of chemical that may occur because of the high exposure level
SENSITIZERS CHEMICAL
Ex. Formaldehyde, Latex, Toulene
It is a type of chemical that may cause cancers, induce tumors in both animals and humans
CARCINOGENS
Ex. Chloroform, Chromic Acid, Formaldehyde, Nickel Chloride, Potassium Dichromate, Basic Fuchsin, d-amino-Benzidine
It is a type of chemical which is capable of death by ingestion, skin contact or inhalation at a certain specified concentrations
TOXIC MATERIALS
Ex. Methanol, Chromic Acid, Osmium Tetroxide, Uranyl Nitrate
This type of hazard is the ergonomic of lifting, pulling, pushing and other repetitive tasks
PHYSICAL HAZARD
Slips and Falls are common in what type of hazard?
Physical Hazard
These are physical hazard that is often left unnoticed
Electrical, Mechanical, Acoustic and Thermal Hazard
This type of hazard can cause disease in humans regardless of the source
BIOLOGICAL HAZARDS
What are the examples of Biological Hazards?
Infectious Agents
Contaminated solutions
Specimens
Objects
Allergens
Molds
Fungi
It is the most important health hazard that is often overlooked
ALLERGENS
This particular device is used by Pathologist and Histotechnologist for viewing of specimens
MICROSCOPE
_______________ is the one who examines and identifies the disease under the microscope
PATHOLOGIST
_______________________ examines the same slide microscopically for quality control to determine whether all technical processes are done properly
HISTOTECHNOLOGISTS
The following aspects are needed for a good quality microscope
Must magnify object
Must resolve the details of the object
Must make the details visible
It is one the most commonly used microscope in the laboratory
COMPOUND MICROSCOPE
BASIC PARTS OF THE MICROSCOPE
Base- provides support
Arm- support and hold the magnifying system/handle
Stage- platform where the slides are placed
Substage- located directly under the stage which holds the condenser and diaphragm
Mechanical stage- permits the movement of the stage while holding the slide
Condenser- moved up and down
Diaphragm- left and right
TYPES OF EYEPIECE
MONOCULAR
BINOCULAR
TRINOCULAR
What are the types of objective lens magnification
4x RED- SCANNER
10x YELLOW- LOW POWER OBJECTIVE
20x GREEN-
40x BLUE- HIGH POWER OBJECTIVE
100x GRAY/WHITE- OIL IMMERSION OBJECTIVE
TOTAL MAGNIFICATION FORMULA
Objective in focus X Eyepiece in focus
Ex. 4x x 10x = 40x
The focus remains intact even after switching into higher objectives
PARFOCAL
This type of microscope has the light either passed through or reflected of a specimen, having a bright background and the specimen is dark
BRIGHT FIELD MICROSCOPE
This microscope is used to observe unstained and transparent samples causing them to be clearly visible and appear brightly lit against a dark almost purely black background
DARK FIELD MICROSCOPE
Ex. Treponema pallidum, Leptospira, Campylobacter jejuni, Endospore
This type of microscopy enhances the contrast of transparent and colorless objects by influencing the optical path of light, used in diagnosis of tumor cells
PHASE CONTRAST MICROSCOPY
This type of microscopy improves the quality of the image of an anisotropic character obtained with the birefringement materials when compared to other techniques
POLARIZED MICROSCOPY
2 ESSENTIAL COMPONENTS OF POLARIZED MICROSCOPY
POLARIZER- below with east- west direction
ANALYZER- above with north-south direction
2 ESSENTIAL COMPONENTS OF POLARIZED MICROSCOPY
POLARIZER
ANALYZER
In this type of microscope wavelengths of light ranging from ultraviolet to visible is used cause samples to fluoresce and allow viewing by eye or sensitive cameras
FLUORESCENCE MICROSCOPE
STAINS AND ITS USES FOR FLUORESCENCE MICROSCOPY
Auramine Rhodamine-yellow-Tubercle bacilli
Acridine Orange R-orange red for RNA and yellow green for DNA
This type of microscope uses a beam of highly energetic electrons to examine objects on a very fine scale. This can yield the information about the morphology and composition
ELECTRON MICROSCOPE
TYPES OF ELECTRON MICROSCOPE
Transmission Electron Microscope- 2D Image/Flat Image
Scanning Electron Microscope- surfaces of microorganisms
A degree to which healthcare services strive to provide accurate desired outcomes for patients and are consistent with current professional knowledge
QUALITY
It is the freedom from accidental injury
SAFETY
Checking of activities routinely
QUALITY CONTROL
Planned system of review procedures conducted by a personnel not directly involved in the laboratory process
QUALITY ASSURANCE
Two distinct systems of Quality Assurance
Selective system- stained preparations from departamental archival records are used to assess the quality of staining
Distributive system- participatin laboratories are asked to stain sections that have been submitted by the scheme organizer
