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MTAP 2 HISTOPATHOLOGIC and CYTOLOGIC TECHNIQUES > LEC BIOPSY, AUTOPSY AND CELLULAR ADAPTATION > Flashcards

LEC BIOPSY, AUTOPSY AND CELLULAR ADAPTATION Flashcards

1
Q

Removal of cells or tissues for examination from a living subject to diagnose the presence or extent of a disease

A

BIOPSY

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2
Q

TYPES OF BIOPSY

A

Excisional Biopsy-entire lump or lesion is removed
Incisional or Core Biopsy-small sample of tissue
Fine Needle Aspiration Biopsy-FNAB, least invasive type of biopsy
Punch Biopsy-Skin specimen
Shave Biopsy-uses small scalpel and curved razorblade
Curretage Biopsy-Currette

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3
Q

After death examination of the body and dissection of its internal organs to determine the cause of death.

A

NECROPSY/AUTOPSY

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4
Q

PRELIMINARIES FOR PME

A

Written consent from the relatives
Death Certficate
Medical Abstract/Clinical Data
Medicolegal clearance

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5
Q

PME is permitted without consent in the following circumstances:

A

Police Order
Death Certificate
Consent from the deceased
Deceased military who dies in service

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6
Q

Coroner has authority to request PME in the ff cases

A

All natural deaths within 24hrs in the hospital, within 36hrs if attended by a physician
Newborns in the first 24hrs of life
All injury cases
All deaths due to unknown cases
All deaths due to suspicious cases
All abortion cases
All violent deaths
All accidental deaths
All sudden deaths
All cases without assistance within 36hrs of death
All deaths due to drowning, strangulation, hanging
All deaths due to shooting, stab wounds, burns, electricity, lightning, tetanus
All homicides
All suicides
All cases with poisoning suspicion
All stillborns
Prematures

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7
Q

Cooling of the body or cold death

A

ALGOR MORTIS
2.0-2.5F/hr-1st hr
1.5-2.0F/hr- next 12hrs
1.0F/hr- next 12-18hrs

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8
Q

Algor Mortis is faster in what state?

A

Cold weather
Lean or Malnourished patients

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9
Q

Rigidity of the body due to the hardening of the skeletal muscles due to series of physiochemical events after death

A

RIGOR MORTIS
Starts at- 2-3hrs
Complete stiffness- 6-8hrs
Remains at- 12-36hrs
Persists about- 3-4 days

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10
Q

Rigor Mortis is hasten and delays in what state

A

Hasten stiffness- warm environment
Delays stiffness- cold temperatures, obese individuals

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11
Q

Bluish-purple discoloration of the skin after death

A

LIVOR MORTIS

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12
Q

Livor mortis becomes evident as early as ______ minutes and is fully evident _______ hrs

A

20 minutes
4-8hrs

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13
Q

This spots is commonly seen 20-30mins or up to 2hrs after death

A

Tardieu spots

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14
Q

Settling of RBCs from the fluid after death

A

Post Mortem clotting of blood

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15
Q

Rotting or decomposition of the body due to bacterial activity

A

Putrefaction

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16
Q

TYPES OF AUTOPSY

A

Medico Legal
Clinical or Pathological Autopsy
Anatomical or Academic Autopsy
Virtual or Medical Imaging Autopsy/ Virtopsy

17
Q

Classification of deaths

A

Natural
Accidental
Homicidal
Suicidal
Undetermined cause

18
Q

Types of autopsy that is performed to diagnose a particular disease, and to confirm unknown diagnosis prior to patients death

A

Clinical or Pathological Autopsy

19
Q

This type of autopsy is performed by students of anatomy for

A

Anatomic or Academic Autopsy

20
Q

This type of autopsy is performed by utilizing imaging technology primarily magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography

A

Virtual or Medical Imaging Autopsy/ Virtopsy

21
Q

What are the parts of Physical Examination in Autopsy

A

External Examination
Internal Examination

22
Q

Types of incision in Internal Examination

A

Y shaped- for strangulation, female cadavers
T shaped- for aesthetic finish
Single vertical cut- done among childrens

23
Q

What are the kinds of Autopsy?

A

Autopsy of Virchow- organ is taken out one by one, pathologic change in individual organs
Autopsy of Letulle- organs are taken out en-mass/as a group, EN-BLOC
Autopsy of Rokitansky- organs are examined IN-SITU/locally, for HIV and Hepatitis B
Autopsy of Ghon- organs are examined and removed in 3 blocks (cervical, abdominal, urogenital)

24
Q

These are reversible changes in the size, phenotype, number, metabolic activity, functions of cells in response to changes in their environment.

A

CELLULAR ADAPTATION

25
Q

Types of abnormalities in Cell Growth

A

Retrogressive-hypoplasia, aplasia, agenesia, atrophy
Progressive- hypertrophy, hyperplasia
Degenerative- metaplasia, dysplasia, anaplasia, neoplasia

26
Q

Shrinkage of size of the cell by loss of its cell substance

A

ATROPHY

27
Q

It is the decrease in size of the uterus following childbirth

A

PARTURITION

28
Q

Protein-calorie malnutrition

A

MARASMUS

29
Q

Body muscles are waste away

A

CACHEXIA

30
Q

It is described as the increase in the size of the cells, hence increasing the size of the affected organs, also due to the synthesis and assembly of additional intracellular structural components

A

HYPERTROPHY

31
Q

Increase in numbers of cells by means of mitosis or division

A

HYPERPLASIA

32
Q

It is a progressive type of Atrophy in the brain in late adult life caused by Arteriosclerosis

A

SENILE ATROPHY

33
Q

Samples of Hyperplasia

A

Grave’s Disease
Nodular Hyperplasia
Adrenal Cortical Hyperplasia
Endometrial Hyperplasia

34
Q

A type of cellular adaptaion in which there is an abnormal change in shape,size and organization of cell

A

DYSPLASIA

35
Q

A reversible change in which one differentiated cell type is replaced by another cell type

A

METAPLASIA

36
Q

It is the incomplete or underdevelopment of a tissue or organ

A

HYPOPLASIA

37
Q

It refers to the failure of an organ to develop during embryonic growth and development

A

AGENESIS

38
Q

It refers to the failure of an organ to develop during embryonic growth and development

A

AGENESIS

MTAP 2 HISTOPATHOLOGIC and CYTOLOGIC TECHNIQUES (13 decks)

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