(LEC) Intro to Enzymology Flashcards
Study of enzymes
Enzymology
Protein catalysts that increases the speed of reaction
Enzyme
The molecule upon which an enzyme acts
Substrate
Defined as the minimum energy required to start a chemical reaction
Activation Energy
Activation Energy is aka
Excess Energy
Region of an enzyme where substrate molecules bind
Activation site
Place on an enzyme where a molecule that is not a substrate may bind
Allosteric Site
Allosteric site:
Impairs activity of the enzyme
Allosteric Inhibitor
Allosteric Site:
Enhances activity of the enzyme
Allosteric Activator
Results when an enzyme is subject to posttranslational modification
Isoform
Isoform of Enzymes
Isoenzymes
Enzyme existing in different forms within the same individuals but the same action
Isoenzymes
Nonprotein molecule that may be necessary for enzyme activty
Cofactor
Inorganic cofactor
Activator
Organic cofactor
Coenzyme
Apoenzyme + Coenzyme = ?
Holoenzyme
Proenzyme is aka?
Zymogen
Inactive form or precursor of enzyme
Proenzyme / Zymogen
Reaction Type that Catalyzes one type of reaction for a single substrate
Absolute
Reaction Type that Catalyzes one type of reaction for similar substrates
Group
Reaction Type that Catalyzes one type of reaction for a specific type of bond
Linkage
Example of Enzyme with Absolute Reaction Type
Urease
Example of Enzyme with Group Reaction Type
Hexokinase
Example of Enzyme with Linkage Reaction Type
Chymotrypsin
Enzyme for Lipid Substrate
Lipase
Enzyme for Ester Substrate
Esterase
Enzyme for Protein Substrate
Protease
Enzyme for Oxidation Reaction
Oxidase
Enzyme for Reduction Reaction
Reductase
Enzyme for Hydrolysis Reaction
Hydrolase
Enzyme for Removal of Hydrogen
Dehydrogenase
Enzyme for Removal of Carboxyl groups
Decarboxylase
1st digit in Enzyme Commission Nomenclature
Class
2nd digit in Enzyme Commission Nomenclature
Subclass
3rd or 4th digit in Enzyme Commission Nomenclature
Serial Number
Classification of Enzymes for EC Nomenclature (1-6)
- Oxireductase
- Transferase
- Hydrolase
- Lyase
- Isomerase
- Ligase
EC of Lactate Dehydrogenase
1.1.1.27
EC of G6P
1.1.1.49
EC of Glutamine dehydrogenase
1.4.1.3
Transfer of functional groups other than hydrogen from one substrate to another
Transferase
EC of Aspartate aminotransferase
2.6.1.1
EC of Alanine aminotransferase
2.6.1.2
EC of Creatine Kinase
2.7.3.2
EC of y-Glutamyltransferase
2.3.2.2
EC of g-S-transferase
2.5.1.18
EC of Glycogen phosphorylase
2.4.1.1
EC of Pyruvate Kinase
2.7.1.40
Addition of water to a bond resulting in bond breakage
Hydrolases
EC of Alkaline phosphatase
3.1.3.1
EC of Acid phosphatase
3.1.3.2
EC of alpha-Amylase
3.2.1.1
EC of Cholinesterase
3.1.1.8
EC of Chymotrypsin
3.4.21.1
EC of Esterase-1
3.4.21.36
EC of 5-Nucleotidase
3.1.3.5
EC of Triacylglycerol lipase
3.1.1.3
EC of Trypsin
3.4.21.4
Catalyzes removal of groups from substrates without hydrolysis
Lyases
Lyases reaction products contains
Double bonds
Rearranges the functional groups within a molecule and catalyzes the conversion of isomer to another
Isomerase
Catalyzes the joining of two large molecules by forming a new chemical bond
Ligase
EC of Lyase
4.1.2.13
EC of Isomerase
5.3.1.1
EC of Ligase
6.3.2.3