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ClinChem2 3rdYR 1stSem Prelims > (LEC) Electrolytes & Sodium > Flashcards

(LEC) Electrolytes & Sodium Flashcards

1
Q

Anion Electrolytes

A

Bicarbonate
Chloride
Phosphate
Lactate

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2
Q

Cation Electrolytes

A

Calcium
Magnesium
Potassium
Sodium

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3
Q

Where sodium goes, what follows?

A

chloride

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4
Q

May result to arrhythmia if these electrolytes are low

A

Potassium and Calcium

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5
Q

Organs that maintains the acid-base balance in the body

A

Kidney & Lungs

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6
Q

Electrolyte that makes blood more alkaline

A

Bicarbonate

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7
Q

Calcium is a part of what coagulation factor

A

Factor IV

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8
Q

In Centrifuged blood, where can Electrolytes be found

A

Plasma

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9
Q

Water distribution is controlled by what

A

Electrolytes & Proteins

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10
Q

Process where water can move across the membrane

A

Osmosis

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11
Q

Osmosis or Diffusion:

Water is the one who’s moving

A

Osmosis

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12
Q

Osmosis or Diffusion:

Solute is the one who’s moving

A

Diffusion

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13
Q

Diffusion from high concentration to lower concentration

A

Simple Diffusion

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14
Q

Diffusion with the use of a channel

A

Facilitated Diffusion

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15
Q

unit for Osmolality

A

mOsm/kg

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16
Q

Normal Plasma Osmolality

A

275 - 295 mOsm/kg

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17
Q

What happens to plasma osmolality in excess water intake

A

Low Plasma Osmolality

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18
Q

What happens to plasma osmolality during dehydration

A

High Plasma Osmolality

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19
Q

Status of AVP and thirst in Water Load

A

Suppressed

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20
Q

Status of AVP and thirst in Water Deficit

A

Activated

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21
Q

Between Angiotensin II and Angiotensin III, which is more biologically active

A

Angiotensin II

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22
Q

Initiates Sodium reabsorption in exchnage of potassium

A

Aldosterone

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23
Q

5 Factors that maintain Body Water Balance

A
  1. Thirst Center from Hypothalamus
  2. Angiotensin II
  3. Aldosterone
  4. Atrial Natriuretic Peptide (ANP)
  5. Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH) / Vasopressin
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24
Q

Increase or Decrease in Urine Osmolality:

Diabetes Insipidus

A

Decreased

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25
Q

Increase or Decrease in Urine Osmolality:

Polydipsia

A

Decreased

26
Q

Increased or Decrease in Urine Osmolality:

Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone (SIADH)

A

Increased

27
Q

Increased or Decrease in Urine Osmolality:

Hypovalemia

A

Increased

28
Q

Osmolality Reference Range in Serum

A

275 - 295 mOsm/kg

29
Q

Osmolality Reference Range in Urine(24hrs)

A

300 - 900 mOsm/kg

30
Q

Osmolality Reference Range in Urine/serum ratio

A

1.0 - 3.0

31
Q

Osmolality Reference Range in Random Urine

A

50 - 1200 mOsm/kg

32
Q

Osmolality Reference Range in Osmolal gap

A

5 - 10 mOsm/kg

33
Q

Sodium is aka?

A

Natrium

34
Q

Valence of Sodium

A

1 (Monovalent)

35
Q

Where is Sodium concentration larger, EC of ICF?

A

ECF

36
Q

In Sodium-Potassium ATPase, for every Potassium ion that moves in, how many Sodium ions move out?

A

3

37
Q

Sodium or Potassium:

Predominantly extracellular

A

Sodium

38
Q

Sodium or Potassium:

Predominantly Intracellular

A

Potassium

39
Q

Two ways to stimulate thirst

A
  1. Decrease in Volume in ECF (Dehydration)
  2. Decrease in Osmolality of ECF (Hypernatremia)
40
Q

What happens to ADH, Aquaporins, and Urine Output in Well hydrated individuals

A
  • Less ADH
  • Less Aquaporins
  • More Urine Output
41
Q

What happens to ADH, Aquaporins, and Urine Output in dehydrated individuals

A
  • More ADH
  • More Aquaporins
  • Less Urine Output
42
Q

What happens to the reabsorption of Sodium and Water when Aldosterone is Decreased

A

Decreased Reabsorption

43
Q

What happens to the reabsorption of Sodium and Water when Aldosterone is Increased

A

Increased Reabsorption

44
Q

Reference Value of Sodium in Serum

A

135 - 145 mmol/L

45
Q

Hyponatremia reference range

A

<135 mmol/L

46
Q

Hypernatremia reference range

A

> 145 mmol/L

47
Q

Reference Value of Sodium in CSF

A

136 - 150 mmol/L

48
Q

Reference Value of Sodium in Urine(24hrs)

A

40 -220 mmol/L (Varies with diet)

49
Q

Increased sodium concentration in Plasma Water

A

Hypernatremia

50
Q

Causes of Hypernatremia

A
  1. Reduced water intake
  2. Increased Water loss
  3. Increased Sodium Content
51
Q

Causes of Hypernatremia

A
  1. Reduced Water Intake
  2. Increased Water Loss
  3. Increased Sodium Content
52
Q

Causes of Hypernatremia if urine is minimal and concentrated

A
  1. Insensible water loss
  2. Remote Renal Water Loss
  3. GI losses
53
Q

Cause of Hypernatremia if there is non volume overloaded and urine is diluted

A
  1. Osmotic Diuresis
  2. Diabetes Insipidus
54
Q

Most common electrolyte disorder

A

Hyponatremia

55
Q

Causes of Hyponatremia

A
  1. Renal Sodium Loss
  2. Water Retention
56
Q

Pseudohyponatremia is aka?

A

False Hyponatremia

57
Q

Pseudohyponatremia is mostly a common cause in?

A

Vitro Hemolysis

58
Q

Effects of Isotonic Pseudohyponatremia

A

Hyperlipidemia
Hyperproteinemia

59
Q

Hypertonic Pseudohyponatremia is aka?

A

Factitious Hyponatremia

60
Q

Effects Hypertonic Pseudohyponatremia

A

Hyperglycemia
Mannitol Infusion

ClinChem2 3rdYR 1stSem Prelims (12 decks)

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