(LEC) Electrolytes & Sodium Flashcards
Anion Electrolytes
Bicarbonate
Chloride
Phosphate
Lactate
Cation Electrolytes
Calcium
Magnesium
Potassium
Sodium
Where sodium goes, what follows?
chloride
May result to arrhythmia if these electrolytes are low
Potassium and Calcium
Organs that maintains the acid-base balance in the body
Kidney & Lungs
Electrolyte that makes blood more alkaline
Bicarbonate
Calcium is a part of what coagulation factor
Factor IV
In Centrifuged blood, where can Electrolytes be found
Plasma
Water distribution is controlled by what
Electrolytes & Proteins
Process where water can move across the membrane
Osmosis
Osmosis or Diffusion:
Water is the one who’s moving
Osmosis
Osmosis or Diffusion:
Solute is the one who’s moving
Diffusion
Diffusion from high concentration to lower concentration
Simple Diffusion
Diffusion with the use of a channel
Facilitated Diffusion
unit for Osmolality
mOsm/kg
Normal Plasma Osmolality
275 - 295 mOsm/kg
What happens to plasma osmolality in excess water intake
Low Plasma Osmolality
What happens to plasma osmolality during dehydration
High Plasma Osmolality
Status of AVP and thirst in Water Load
Suppressed
Status of AVP and thirst in Water Deficit
Activated
Between Angiotensin II and Angiotensin III, which is more biologically active
Angiotensin II
Initiates Sodium reabsorption in exchnage of potassium
Aldosterone
5 Factors that maintain Body Water Balance
- Thirst Center from Hypothalamus
- Angiotensin II
- Aldosterone
- Atrial Natriuretic Peptide (ANP)
- Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH) / Vasopressin
Increase or Decrease in Urine Osmolality:
Diabetes Insipidus
Decreased
Increase or Decrease in Urine Osmolality:
Polydipsia
Decreased
Increased or Decrease in Urine Osmolality:
Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone (SIADH)
Increased
Increased or Decrease in Urine Osmolality:
Hypovalemia
Increased
Osmolality Reference Range in Serum
275 - 295 mOsm/kg
Osmolality Reference Range in Urine(24hrs)
300 - 900 mOsm/kg
Osmolality Reference Range in Urine/serum ratio
1.0 - 3.0
Osmolality Reference Range in Random Urine
50 - 1200 mOsm/kg
Osmolality Reference Range in Osmolal gap
5 - 10 mOsm/kg
Sodium is aka?
Natrium
Valence of Sodium
1 (Monovalent)
Where is Sodium concentration larger, EC of ICF?
ECF
In Sodium-Potassium ATPase, for every Potassium ion that moves in, how many Sodium ions move out?
3
Sodium or Potassium:
Predominantly extracellular
Sodium
Sodium or Potassium:
Predominantly Intracellular
Potassium
Two ways to stimulate thirst
- Decrease in Volume in ECF (Dehydration)
- Decrease in Osmolality of ECF (Hypernatremia)
What happens to ADH, Aquaporins, and Urine Output in Well hydrated individuals
- Less ADH
- Less Aquaporins
- More Urine Output
What happens to ADH, Aquaporins, and Urine Output in dehydrated individuals
- More ADH
- More Aquaporins
- Less Urine Output
What happens to the reabsorption of Sodium and Water when Aldosterone is Decreased
Decreased Reabsorption
What happens to the reabsorption of Sodium and Water when Aldosterone is Increased
Increased Reabsorption
Reference Value of Sodium in Serum
135 - 145 mmol/L
Hyponatremia reference range
<135 mmol/L
Hypernatremia reference range
> 145 mmol/L
Reference Value of Sodium in CSF
136 - 150 mmol/L
Reference Value of Sodium in Urine(24hrs)
40 -220 mmol/L (Varies with diet)
Increased sodium concentration in Plasma Water
Hypernatremia
Causes of Hypernatremia
- Reduced water intake
- Increased Water loss
- Increased Sodium Content
Causes of Hypernatremia
- Reduced Water Intake
- Increased Water Loss
- Increased Sodium Content
Causes of Hypernatremia if urine is minimal and concentrated
- Insensible water loss
- Remote Renal Water Loss
- GI losses
Cause of Hypernatremia if there is non volume overloaded and urine is diluted
- Osmotic Diuresis
- Diabetes Insipidus
Most common electrolyte disorder
Hyponatremia
Causes of Hyponatremia
- Renal Sodium Loss
- Water Retention
Pseudohyponatremia is aka?
False Hyponatremia
Pseudohyponatremia is mostly a common cause in?
Vitro Hemolysis
Effects of Isotonic Pseudohyponatremia
Hyperlipidemia
Hyperproteinemia
Hypertonic Pseudohyponatremia is aka?
Factitious Hyponatremia
Effects Hypertonic Pseudohyponatremia
Hyperglycemia
Mannitol Infusion