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ClinChem2 3rdYR 1stSem Prelims > (LEC) AST, ALT, ALP > Flashcards

(LEC) AST, ALT, ALP Flashcards

1
Q

AST EC No.

A

E.C. 2.6.1.1

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2
Q

AST Systematic Name

A

L-Asapartate: 2-Oxaloglutarate Aminotransferase

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3
Q

AST Old Name

A

Serum Glutamic Oxaloacetate Transaminase (SGOT)

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4
Q

AST Coenzyme

A

Pyridoxal Phosphate (Vit.B6)

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5
Q

Keto acids formed are oxidized by

A

Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle

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6
Q

Enzyme that produces alpha ketoglutarate

A

Glutamate dehydrogenase

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7
Q

AST Indicator Enzyme

A

Malate dehydrogenase

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8
Q

Products of AST

A

Oxaloacetate & Glutamate

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9
Q

3 Tissue sources w/ highest AST concentration

A

Cardiac Tissue
Liver
Skeletal Muscle

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10
Q

Intracellular AST concentration is how much more higher than extracellular concentration?

A

7000x

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11
Q

AST Isoenzymes

A

GOT1 (Cell Cytoplasm)
GOT2 (Mitochondria)

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12
Q

AST Isoenzyme that is predominant from occurring in serum

A

GOT1

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13
Q

AST Isoenzyme that increases in disorder producing cellular necrosis

A

GOT2

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14
Q

Reference of AST

A

5 - 35 U/L

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15
Q

In a heart attack, when do AST levels peak

A

at 24hrs

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16
Q

In the absence of CK MB, this enzyme is used to detect Myocardial Infarction

A

AST

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17
Q

Illness w/ highest AST elevations

A

Acute Hepatocellular disorders

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18
Q

AST Assay Optimal pH

A

7.3 - 7.8

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19
Q

Hemolysis in AST Assay affect results how

A

Increases Serum AST concentration

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20
Q

How long can AST be stable in serum

A

3-4 days in refrigerated temp

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21
Q

ALT E.C. No.

A

E.C. 2.6.1.2

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22
Q

ALT Systematic Name

A

L-Alanine: 2-oxaloglutarate aminotransferase

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23
Q

ALT Old Name

A

Serum Glutamic Pyruvic Transaminase (SGPT)

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24
Q

ALT Coenzyme

A

Pyridoxal Phosphate (Vit B6)

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25
Q

Product of Anaerobic energy produciton

A

Lactate

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26
Q

Product of Aerobic energy production

A

Glutamate

27
Q

Intracellular ALT levels is how much more higher than that in plasma

A

3000x

28
Q

ALT reference

A

7 - 45 U/L

29
Q

Half Life of ALT and AST according to Bishop

A

ALT - 24hrs
AST - 16hrs

30
Q

In Acute hepatocellular injury, what is the ratio of AST to ALT concentration

A

7000:3000

31
Q

In hepatocyte injury, which enzyme initially has higher levels of

A

AST

32
Q

Expresses the disproportionate elevation of AST over ALT

A

DeRitis Ratio (4:1)

33
Q

Indicator Enzyme for ALT Assay

A

LDH

34
Q

Optimal pH for for ALT Assay

A

7.3 - 7.8

35
Q

Hemolysis in ALT Assay effects

A

None

36
Q

Alkaline Phosphatase E.C. No.

A

E.C. 3.1.3.1

37
Q

Alkaline Phosphatase Systematic Name

A

Orthophosphoric Monoester Phosphohydrolase (Alkaline Optimum)

38
Q

Optimal pH of Alkaline Phosphatase

A

9.0 - 10.0

39
Q

Activators of Alkaline Phosphatase

A

Mg2+ and Zn2+

40
Q

Tissue source with highest ALP concentration

A

Intestine
Liver
Bone (Osteoblasts)
Spleen
Placenta
Kidney

41
Q

Increased ALP Activity in Pregnancy. Normal or Abnormal?

A

Normal

42
Q

Condition with absence of Bone ALP

A

hypophosphatasia

43
Q

4 ALP isoenzymes

A

Liver ALP
Bone ALP
Intestinal ALP
Placental ALP

44
Q

isoenzyme that migrates the fastest in ALP Electrophoresis

A

Liver ALP

45
Q

Bone ALP is normally elevated in which patients

A

Children (in periods of growth)
Adults older than 50

46
Q

Intestinal ALP are mostly common in which blood types

A

O & B

47
Q

Most heat stable ALP Isoenzyme

A

Placental ALP

48
Q

Inhibits intestinal ALP and placental ALP

A

Phenylalanine

49
Q

Inhibits bone ALP and Liver ALP

A

Levamisole

50
Q

Inhibits bone ALP

A

3M Urea

51
Q

Abnormal Fractions of ALP Isoenzymes

A

Regan Isoenzyme
Nagao Isoenzyme

52
Q

Regan Isoenzyme is inhibited by

A

Phenylalanine

53
Q

Nagao Isoenzyme is inhibited by

A

Phenylalanine & L-leucine

54
Q

ALP reference for children

A

54 - 369 U/L

55
Q

ALP reference for adult males

A

53 - 128 U/L

56
Q

ALP reference for males above 60yrs old

A

56 - 119 U/L

57
Q

ALP reference for Female adults

A

42 - 98 U/L

58
Q

ALP Assay Method

A

Bowers and McComb

59
Q

Calculation of ALP Activity based on the molar absorptivity of p-nitrophenol

A

Bowers and McComb

60
Q

In Bowers and McComb Assay, P-nitrophenyl phosphate is hydrolyzed to become

A

p-nitrophenol

61
Q

Absorbance measured in Bowers and McComb

A

405nm

62
Q

ALP should be run how long after collection?

A

ASAP

63
Q

Why is Hemolysis a source of error for ALP Assay

A

Causes slight ALP elevations

ClinChem2 3rdYR 1stSem Prelims (12 decks)

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