(LEC) Amylase & Lipase Flashcards
EC of Amylase
EC 3.2.1.1
Other name for Amylase
1,4-D-Glucan Glucanohydrolase
Molecular weight of Amylase
50-55 kDa
Enzyme the catalyzes the breakdown of starch and glycogen
Hydrolase
Consists of both Amylose & Amylopectin
Starch
chain of glucose linked by a-1,4-glycosidic bond
Amylose
chain of polysaccharide linked by a-1,6-glycosidic bond
Amylopectin
Cofactors for Amylase
Ca2+ & Cl-
Major Sources of Amylase
Salivary Glands
Pancreas
Primary Isoenzymes of Amylase
S-isoamylase
P-isoamylase
Reference Range of Serum Amylase
28-100 U/L
Reference Range of Urine Amylase
1-15 U/h
1 Somogyi Unit = ?
1.85 IU
Clinical Correlation with Elevated Amylose Levels
Acute Pancreatitis
Salivary Gland Disease
Intra-abdominal Disease
Condition when an amylase molecule combines with IgG or IgA or a polysaccharide to perform a complex that is too large to be filtered across the renal glomerulus
Macroamylasemia
Amylase Isoenzyme that migrates quickly in Electrophoresis
S-amylase
Amylase Isoenzyme that migrates slower in Electrophoresis
P-amylase
Most commonly observed fractions in Amylase Electrophoresis
P2, S1, S2
Predominant amylase isoenzyme in acute pancreatitis but not specific
P3
Amylase Assay:
Measures the disappearance of starch substrate
Amyloclastic
Amylase Assay:
Measures the appearance of the product
Saccharogenic
Amylase Assay:
Measures increasing color from production of product coupled with a chromogenic dye
Chromogenic
Amylase Assay:
Coupling of several enzyme systems to monitor amylase activity
Continuous Monitoring
In Amyloclastic Method, ______ is attached to starch substrate forming dark blue color
Iodine
Amylase Assay:
Uses starch substrate that is hydrolyzed by amylase to its constituent carbohydrate molecules that have reducing properties
Saccharogenic Method
Amylase Assay:
Amylase hydrolyzes starch substrates, forming smaller water soluble dye substrate fragments resulting to increase in color intensity
Chromogenic Method
Coupling Enzymes used in Continuous Monitoring Method
A-glucosidae
Hexokinase
G-6-P dehydrogenase
Optimal pH in Continuous Monitoring Method
pH 6.9
Preferentially inhibits salivary amylase
Wheat Germ Lectin
Can suppress or inhibit amylase activity
Plasma Triglyceride
Falsely elevates serum amylase
Morphine / Opioids
Anticoagulant that should be used for Amylase Assays
Heparin
EC of Lipase
EC 3.1.1.3
Other name of Lipase
Triacylglycerol Acylhydrolase
Molecular Weight of Lipase
45 kDa
Major and Primary source of serum lipase
Pancreas
Most clinically specific and sensitive Lipase Isoenzyme
L2
Reference range for Serum Lipase
< 38 U/L
Clinical Correlation of Elevated Lipase levels
Acute Pancreatitis
Renal Disorder
Humps virus
Lipase Assay:
Estimation of liberated fatty acids and turbidimetric method
Titrimetric method
Substrate for Classic Cherry-Crandall Method
Olive Oil
Substrate for Modified Cherry-Crandall Method
Triolein
Lipase Assay:
Based on coupled reaction with Coupling Enzymes such as
- Glycerol Kinase
- Glycerophosphate Oxidase
- Peroxidase
Colorimetric Method
Causes falsely low Lipase levels
Hemolysis
