Lec 9

Question 1

Social Control Theory Assumptions (6)

Answer 1

Human beings are neither good nor evil

People are born with the capacity to do wrong

No particular motivation is needed to explain deviance

Conformity needs to be explained instead of deviance

People refrain from deviance because they do not want to jeopardize bonds in conventional society

Weak social control is the basis for criminal behavior

Question 2

Social integration and deviance: Emile Durkheim

Answer 2

Suicide is related to social integration in society

Social bonds helps understand and control deviant behavior

Question 3

Durkheim three types of suicides

Answer 3

Egoistic

Altruistic

Anomic

Question 4

Which two suicides are caused by a lack of social bonds

Answer 4

Egoistic and anomic

Question 5

Conclusion of Social Integration and Deviance: Emile Durkheim

Answer 5

When social rules are weak and there is little consensus about their applicability, society will be unable to regulate morality, and deviance will be common

Question 6

Implication of Social Integration and Deviance: Emile Durkheim

Answer 6

Every individual does not face same level of pressure to deviate, hence different levels of deviance among individuals

The more disorganized a society, the more pressure citizens will face and the more likely deviance will occur

Question 7

Suicide and the criminal code of Canada

Answer 7

Suicide has been legal since 1974

Question 8

Assisted suicide is legal if

Answer 8

A competent adult person consents the termination of life and the person has a medical causing suffering that is intolerable

Question 9

Suicide in Canada (5)

Answer 9

11 people commit every day

7-10 people significantly affected by the loss

Males commit suicide more

Immigrant women are more likely to commit suicide than Canadian women

Canadian men are more likely to commit than immigrant men

Question 10

Peak ages for suicide

Answer 10

Male-35-44
Female- 45-54

Question 11

Correlates and causes of suicide in Canada (4)

Answer 11

Personal crises

Social isolation from unemployment

Drug or alcohol addiction

Depression and mental illness

Question 12

Collective Efficacy

Answer 12

Collective efficacy refers to social cohesion among neighbors combined with willingness to intervene on behalf of the common good

Question 13

Collective Efficacy Theory: Sampson et al.

Answer 13

Theory is based on how the level of collective efficacy affects violence and crime in different neighborhoods

Question 14

Collective Efficacy Theory Main Question

Answer 14

Why is violence/crime focused in some neighborhoods

Question 15

Collective Efficacy and Crime/Violence Findings (4)

Answer 15

1.Residential stability helps to increase collective efficacy

2.People who are divorce and separated have higher levels of violence

3.Blacks and whites and those who have lived longer in a neighborhood are more likely to report higher levels of violence than Latinos

4. Collective efficacy is negatively related to violence

Question 16

Collective efficacy and crime/violence conclusion

Answer 16

Crime is non-randomly distributed across geographic space

Three aspects of neighborhood stratification: Concentrated disadvantage, immigration concentration and residential mobility

Disorder does not translate to high levels of violence

Question 17

Implication of collective efficacy and crim/violence

Answer 17

Crime is a consequence of structural disadvantage and limited collective efficacy

Law and order approach is a weak strategy for reducing crime (networks among residents is more effective)

Question 18

Travis Hirschi and Social Bond Theory

Answer 18

Individuals are more likely to be deviants if their bond to society is weak or broken

Question 19

Four aspects of the social bond that constrain our behavior

Answer 19

Attachment- Ties to others

Commitment- Pursuit of conventional goals such as school and job

Involvement-Busy with conventional activities

Belief-In conventional values, morality, and legitimacy of law

Question 20

Self control: The general theory of crime

Answer 20

People with low self control commit more crime

Question 21

Causes and impacts of low self control

Answer 21

Poor early childhood socialization/parenting

Strict discipline could be cause

Question 21

Causes and impacts of low self control

Answer 21

Poor early childhood socialization/parenting

Strict discipline could be cause

Question 22

Self-control theories critiques

Answer 22

Context matters

Limited applicability, particularly in developing countries

Some developed societies have high rates of crime relative to availability of opportunity

Question 23

Aspects of family relationships associated with delinquency

Answer 23

Strength of family ties

Parental supervision and discipline-Disapproval of deviance by people one cares about is very potent in checking delinquent behavior

Parental role model

Question 24

What does delinquency and crime in boy have a close association with

Answer 24

Parental imprisonment

Question 25

Does a fathers criminal record reflect on his son

Answer 25

Yes, 63 percent of sons become criminals while 30 percent non-criminal father sons were convicted

Question 26

Variables between school variables and crime and delinquency

Answer 26

School failure

School satisfaction

Conduct in school

Question 27

Religion effect on crime

Answer 27

Positive effect on behavior, “moral community” reinforces religious teachings

Question 28

Critique of control theory and gender experience of crime

Answer 28

Neglects gender experiences that lead to crime

Question 29

Criticisms of social control theory

Answer 29

Less convincing in explaining upper class crimes

Does not account for structural pressure that motivates to deviate

Ignores deterrent effects of the law

Is too individualistic

Is too conservative

Question 30

Family policy implications of control theory

Answer 30

Strengthen family bonds

Train family to supervise and discipline children

Question 31

School policy implications of control theory

Answer 31

Improve classroom interaction

Improve curriculum

Assist transition from school to work