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Soc 225 > Lec 3 > Flashcards

Lec 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Implications of crime data controversies

A

The official reported crime is a reflection of how the CJS operates rather than measuring crime

Crime counts in Canada is undermined

Therefore using crime statistics to make theories may not be valid

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2
Q

Dark figure of crime

A

Crimes that do not get reported

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3
Q

Three methods of counting crime in Canada

A

Official statistics (Canadian Uniform Crime Reports)
Victimization surveys
Self report studies

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4
Q

Uniform Crime Reports (UCR)

A

Reflects reported crimes that the police have substantiated

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5
Q

What is the goal of a UCR

A

To provide uniform and comparable national statistics

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6
Q

Two versions of the UCR

A

UCR aggregate (UCR 1.0) Survey- Collects summary data for 100 separate criminal offences

UCR Incident-Based (UCR 2.0) Survey- collects more detailed info on only one case

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7
Q

UCR aggregate (UCR 1.0) data is presented as crime rate

A

Crime rate is a count of all criminal incidents reported to and by police divided by 100k Canadians or population of interest

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8
Q

Uses of crime rate

A

Allows for comparisons between jurisdictions or over time
It is not influenced by population size between jurisdictions or changes in one jurisdiction

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9
Q

Canadian Centre For Justice Statistics (CCJS)

A

A division of Statistics Canada
Was founded in 1981 to collect national data on crime and justice

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10
Q

CCJS collects, manages and analyses CJS statistics

A

Police reports and records
Court decisions
Administrative records of prisons
Decisions of parole and probation officials

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11
Q

What does the CCJS help us understand

A

Crime trends in Canada

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12
Q

CSI (Crime severity index)

A

Measures the varying degrees of severity of crimes by weighting each offence on a scale of seriousness

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13
Q

How is CSI calculated

A

Multiplying the number of offences by the weight for that offence, summing them up and then dividing by the population

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14
Q

How is each offence’s weight derived

A

From the sentence given by the criminal courts

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15
Q

Benefits or Uses of CSI:

A

It addresses the matter of the crime rate being driven by high volumes of less sever offences

It allows Canadians or police to identify places where the most sever and dangerous offences can occur

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16
Q

Limitations of the UCR

A

Only the most sever crime is scored in an incident involving several crimes

Thus
It deflates the total crime count
It inflates severe crimes as a percentage of the total
Not enough qualitative data about crimes are recorded

17
Q

What does UCR not differentiate between

A

Indictable and summary offences

18
Q

Crime statistics are influenced by

A

Police discretion

19
Q

Does the UCR tell us why crime is increasing or decreasing?

A

No

20
Q

What is not captured by the UCR

A

Crimes that keep victims unaware

21
Q

Victimization surveys

A

Asks a sample of people whether they have been a crime victim

22
Q

How does a victimization survey capture crime not included in a UCR

A

The nature and consequences of victimization
Whether it was reported to the police
The criminal justice response
The attitude toward crime and the CJS, and feelings of safety

23
Q

Benefits of victimization reports

A

They show more Canadians are victimized than the UCR does

Shows consequences of crime

24
Q

Limitations of the Victimization surveys

A

Not all crimes are captures
-Consensual crimes (such as murders) are not captured
-Some crimes have the victim unaware
Survey data may lack reliability
Survey data may be skewed (Well educated people may be more likely to participate)

25
Q

What do victimization reports tell us

A

Some categories of victims are more likely to report their victimization than others

Some victims do not report crimes due to fear or stigmatization

Some crimes come to police attention more than others

Some categories of offenders (ie family) are less likely to be reported

26
Q

How does victimization reports go beyond counting crime

A

Provide impact of crime
Provide data on reasons for reporting and not reporting crime

27
Q

Self report studies

A

Relying on criminals on what they do and how often they commit crimes

28
Q

Where are most self-report studies administered

A

Among a specific population (ie Secondary school students)

29
Q

Benefits of self report studies

A

They contribute to research and theories on the causes of crime and delinquency, especially the relationship between social class and crime

This method is a reliable source of crime figures

30
Q

Limitations of self report studies

A

Respondents tend to report minor infractions and downplay sever crimes

Ethical issues scare away people from participating

Soc 225 (11 decks)

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