Lec 4 Flashcards
Victims of female acts of violence are
Spouses
Acquaintances
Strangers
Family Members
The Role Convergence Hypothesis and Gender Gap in Crime
As work roles of women and men come closer, so will their involvement in crime
How crime rates changed for young girls from 1980 to 2000
They have become twice as likely to be charged
How have males crime patterns changed from 1980 to 2000
It has remained constant
Which gender commits more corporate crimes
Men although more women are in corporate conditions
Race as a correlate of crime
Race is not as strongly related to crime as gender, although some minority groups are over represented in police reports
Differential offending hypothesis
Relating discrimination to the behavior of a group
Differential treatment hypothesis
Treating groups different in the criminal justice system
Cultural theories of why indigenous people are overrepresented in the Canadian CJS
People assume-
Indigenous people are inherently violent
Indigenous cultures differ from the dominant Euro-Canadian culture
Critiques of cultural theories
Presuppose a monolithic, static indigenous culture
Believes there is a type of behavior associated with that culture
Pathologize Indigenous culture
Colonial Model
Colonization has had devastating psychological and social consequences
Critical race theory
The law reflects the dominant group’s norms and values and favors such groups
Does drug/alcohol misuse correlate with crime
Yes, 75 percent of inmates struggle with substance abuse
Psychopharmacological dimension causing crime
Drugs/alcohol change ones way of thinking
The economically compulsive dimension causing crime
Committing a crime to buy drugs
Systemic dimension causing crime
The trafficking of drugs that leads to drug abuse.
SES effect on crime
people with lower SES are overrepresented in crime statistics
What are correlates of crime
Variables that relate to crime
What are the 5 correlated of crime
Age
Gender
Race
Drug alcohol
Socio-economic status
Age correlation to crime
Criminal activity intensifies in adolescence and young adulthood and then declines
Are young people involved in more non violent or violent crimes
Non violent
What three level factors contribute to delinquency and crime
Individual level factors
Family background factors
Institutional factors
Individual level factors
Conduct problems such as bullying and failure to respond to both positive parenting and physical punishment
Family background factors
Rough family environments lead to higher levels of juvenile delinquency
Institutional issues
Exposure to juvenile court contribute to crime among children
Dhami and Mandel state
Crime is a risk taking behavior
Why do young people have a higher propensity to commit crime
Young people look at benefits over cost
Immediacy outweighs future costs
Young offenders have limited rationality
Maturational reform hypothesis
Adolescence is a time of transition, confusion and irrationality, but as people get older, they develop attachments and commitments that restrain misbehavior
Three factors that lead to crime decline with advance in age
Physiological limitations
Greater formations of social bonds
People become more rational and responsible
Other argument in less crime among older people
May be due to development of more skills in not being caught
Which gender is overrepresented in crime
Males
Make up 80 percent of defendants in adult criminal court
98 percent of accused of SA
89 percent of robbery cases
86 percent of homicide cases
77 percent of major assault cases
Daly (1992) describes 5 ways for women involvement in crime
Harmed and harming women
Battered women
Street women
Drug connected women
Other women (non-victimized women)
