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Soc 225 > Lec 10 > Flashcards

Lec 10 Flashcards

1
Q

Conventional or “Street” Crimes

A

Traditional, illegal or criminal behaviors that most people think of as crimes

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2
Q

What type of crime are the most egregious street crimes

A

Violent crimes

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3
Q

Criminal Homicides types

A

1st and 2nd degree murder
Manslaughter
Infacticide

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4
Q

First Degree Murder

A

When a killing is planned and deliberate
When the victim is a police officer or correctional officer
When a murder occurs in connection with other offences

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5
Q

Second degree murder

A

Intentional, but not premeditated

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6
Q

Sentence of murder

A

25 years to life

2nd degree may be paroled after 10

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7
Q

Voluntary manslaughter involves

A

A sudden passion

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8
Q

Manslaughter

A

When there is not intent to kill

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9
Q

Punishment of manslaughter

A

Ranges from 4 to 15 years but use of firearm could be aggravating factor

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10
Q

Section 231 of the Criminal Code of Canada- Murder is always first-degree when the victim is

A

A police officer on duty, an employee of prison on duty, a person in the prison who is working in the prison

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11
Q

Gun ownership comparison between Canada and US

A

Canada has 30.8 guns per 100 persons

US has 101 guns per 100 persons

US has less than 5%of the worlds pop. but 35-50 percent of guns

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12
Q

Homicides by firearms in Canada and US

A

Firearms accounted for 69 percent of all homicides in the US

33 percent for Canada

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13
Q

What must blood alcohol content be below

A

0.08 percent

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14
Q

Max punishment for impaired driving causing death

A

Life imprisonment

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15
Q

Progression of impaired driving caused deaths

A

Lowered over the years

66 in 2019, 105 in 2018

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16
Q

Infanticide

A

Killing of a newborn child (1-12 months) by a mother who is disturbed as a consequence of giving birth

17
Q

Jail sentence for infanticide

A

max 5 years

18
Q

Postpartum depression defense is unlikely to succeed if

A

Child is older than 2 months

19
Q

Robbery

A

Taking or attempting to take the property of another using force or fear

Theft accomplished by an assult

20
Q

Section 344 of the Criminal Code of Canada states (3)

A

It is an indictable offence (more severe punishment)

Maximum penalty is life imprisonment

A conviction for robbery with a firearm carries with it a mandatory minimum of 5 years

21
Q

Theft offence type

A

Can be indictable or summary

22
Q

Theft found in what section of criminal code

A

322

23
Q

Section 348 on Break and Enter

A

Anyone commits break and enter if they

Breaks in a place with intent of committing an indictable offence

Commits indictable offence inside

Breaks out of place after doing either

24
Q

Break and enter offence type

A

Indictable offence

25
Q

Where do most violent incidents happen in Canada

A

Bars, restaurants, malls, schools

In or around a private residence

On the streets, in parks etc.

26
Q

When do most violent crimes occur

A

Summer months and in December

Between 6pm-12am

27
Q

Violent crime victimization patterns (8)

A

Younger people,

males,

single/divorced,

those who spend evenings away from home

Lower income

Minorities

Alcohol consumption leads to more victimization

Repeat victims

28
Q

Aggravating factors

A

Those facts about the crime, defendant or victim that tend to make the crime more severe

29
Q

What do aggravating factors include (3)

A

Defendants criminal history, brutality of crime, victim vulnerability

30
Q

Mitigating factors

A

Reduce sentences

Show society that defendant poses less risk to society, meaning a lengthy sentence is not necessary

31
Q

Mitigating factors example (2)

A

Lack of criminal history

Defendant’s acceptance of responsibility

32
Q

The Routine Activity Theory (RAT) assumptions

A

Target Suitability
Guardianship
Motivated

33
Q

Routine Activity Theory (RAT) purpose

A

Preventing Street Crime

34
Q

Reducing Crime Requires

A

Reducing target suitability
Ensuring effective guardianship
Reducing motivation to commit crime through social development or incapacitation

35
Q

Selective Incapacitation

A

Means giving very long sentences to dangerous offenders

36
Q

Factors that effect the length of incapacitation

A

Severity of crime

Whether the person is a first or repeat offender

How much danger the offender poses to the public if released

37
Q

Harshest selective incapacitation laws in Western countries is

A

California’s three strikes law

38
Q

Drawbacks of selective incapacitation include

A

Risk of false positives: Identifying on offender as dangerous when they are not

Encourages discretionary application of law by judges

Soc 225 (11 decks)

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