lec 9 Flashcards
the vagina extends
downward and forward
the vaginas upper half lies ————- , lower half lies ——–
upper half lies above pelvic diaphragm, while its lower half lies within perineum
the cervix extends
downward and backward into vagina
which fornix is deeper
the posterior fornix
in virgins we can find at the vaginal orifice
mucosal fold called hymen that is perforated at its center
The mucosal lining of vagina presents
transverse ridges in its lower third called rugae.
Relations of the Vagina anteriorly
upper part
lower part
above to bladder and below to urethra.
relations of vagina posteriorly
upper
middle
lower
upper part to pouch of Douglas, in its middle part to ampulla of rectum, and in its lower part to perineal body
lateral relations of the vagina
upper
middle
lower
upper part to ureter, middle part to levator ani muscle, and lower part to urogenital diaphragm and bulb of vestibule
support of the vagina
upper
middle
lower
(1) Upper part is supported by tone of levator ani muscles.
(2) Middle part is supported by urogenital diaphragm.
(3) Lower part is supported by perineal body
Blood Supply of Vagina
(1) Vaginal artery (branch of internal iliac artery).
(2) Vaginal branch of uterine artery.
Vaginal vein forms a plexus around vagina that drains into internal iliac vein.
Lymph Drainage of Vagina
upper
middle
lower
(1) Upper part of drain into internal and external iliac lymph nodes.
(2) Middle part drain into internal iliac lymph nodes.
(3) Lower part drain into superficial inguinal lymph nodes. 7
ovary is composed of 4 layers
germinal layer
tunica albuginea
cortical zone
medullary zone
the germinal layer consists of —————- and it is continuous with————
simple epithelium (squamous/cuboidal/columnar) mesothelial lining of peritoneal cavity
Tunica albuginea: Consists of
dense connective tissue
in which region can we find the ovarian follicles
cortical region
ovarian follicles are made of
Each follicle contains an oocyte surrounded by one or more layers of follicular cells
cortical region is made of
ovarian follicle embedded in a connective tissue (stroma
The connective tissue of the cortical region is composed of ————— and we can see ———— in stroma
spindle-shaped fibroblasts-like cells that respond in different way to hormonal stimuli.
Bundles of smooth muscle cells are also scattered throughout stroma
Medullary region Consists of
loose connective tissue rich in vascular bed
the primordial follicles ocuppy
superficial part of cortical region
Each follicle consists of
primary oocyte surrounded by a single layer of flattened follicular cells.
the oocyte in the primordial follicle is in which phase of replication
prophase of 1st meiosis
what are the differences btw primordial cell and Unilaminar primary follicles
oocyte –>
follicular cells –>
…
oocyte –> enlarged with an increasment in number of mitochondria, Golgi complex occupies apical cytoplasm
follicular cells –> mitosis –> cuboidal layer –> granulosa cells
the formation of zona pellucida –> Thick homogenous layer of glycoprotein and acid proteoglycans
what are the changes that happened to Multilaminar primary follicles
theca folliculi –> formed by fibroblast-like cells of ovarian stroma
granulose cells continue to proliferate, forming a stratified epithelium called zona granulose
Secondary (antral) follicle has
follicular antrum –> small fluid-filled spaces in zona granulosa
oocyte takes an eccentric place in –>cumulus oophorus
thica cells has made 2 layers –>
(1) theca interna –> rounded cells
(2) theca externa –> spindle shaped
what does the theca interna synthesize
androstenedione hormone
which cells is responsible for the transformation of androstenedione hormone to estrogen ? using which enzyme ? under the influence of which hormone ?
granulosa cells
aromatase
FSH
were can we find blood vessels in antral follicle ?
theca interna there is no BV in granulosa cells
the corona radiata forms in
Mature (graafian) follicle
if fertilization did not happen within ——— after ovulation the ova degenerates
24h
in the follicular atresia the part that remains from the follicle is ————– it becomes ————- stimulated by ———-
theca interna
interstitial cells
LH
Under influence of LH, granulose cells of corpus luteum increase in ————-
size only
granulosa cells secrete
preovulatory follicle –>
after ovulation –>
protein secreting
steroid secreting
the lutenised granulose cell secrete –>
theca lutein cells –>
progesterone
estrogen
Corpus luteum produces
progesterone, estrogens, relaxin, and inhibin
what happens to corpus luteum if pregnancy happened –>
didn’t happen –>
corpus luteum persists for 4 – 5 months and then degenerates, and it is called corpus luteum of pregnancy
12 – 14 days after ovulation, they degenerate by apoptosis
corpus albicans is produced by invasion of
Neighboring fibroblasts
